Physics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Find out how you can help support Wikipedia's phenomenal growth.Overview of physics
Theories
Main article: Theories of Physics
Central theories
Classical mechanics -- Thermodynamics -- Statistical mechanics -- Electromagnetism -- Special relativity -- General relativity -- Quantum mechanics -- Quantum field theory -- Standard Model -- Fluid mechanics
Proposed theories
Theory of everything -- Grand unification theory -- M-theory -- Loop quantum gravity -- Emergence
Fringe theories
Cold fusion -- Dynamic theory of gravity -- Luminiferous aether -- Orgone energy -- Reciprocal System of Theory -- Steady state theory
Concepts
Matter -- Antimatter -- Elementary particle -- Boson -- Fermion
Symmetry -- Motion -- Conservation law -- Mass -- Energy -- Momentum -- Angular momentum -- Spin
Time -- Space -- Dimension -- Spacetime -- Length -- Velocity -- Force -- Torque
Wave -- Wavefunction -- Quantum entanglement -- Harmonic oscillator -- Magnetism -- Electricity -- Electromagnetic radiation -- Temperature -- Entropy -- Physical information
Phase transitions -- critical phenomena -- Spontaneous symmetry breaking -- Superconductivity -- Superfluidity -- Quantum phase transitions
Fundamental forces
Gravitational -- Electromagnetic -- Weak -- Strong
Particles
Main article: Particles
Atom -- Proton -- Neutron -- Electron -- Quark -- Photon -- Gluon -- W boson -- Z boson -- Graviton -- Neutrino -- Particle radiation
THE STANDARD MODEL AND INTERACTION OF PARTICLES http://www.cpepweb.org/cpep_sm_large.html
Subfields of physics
Astrophysics -- Atomic, Molecular, and Optical physics -- Computational physics -- Condensed matter physics -- Cosmology -- Cryogenics -- Fluid dynamics -- Polymer physics -- Optics -- Materials physics -- Nuclear physics -- Plasma physics -- Particle physics (or High Energy Physics) -- Vehicle dynamics
Methods
Introduction to the Scientific Method
Introduction to Chemistry and Physics - First Grading Period
Jiskha Homework Help - Science: Physics: Scientific Method
Science
[PDF] Commentaries on physics education by David Hestenes The scientific
Introduction
Scientific Method Lab Physics 110 Astronomy
Physics 3333 - The Scientific Method
The Scientific Attitude
Simulations in Physics
www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0168583X
www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01675087
Numerical methods
II. Evaluation Methods - Physics, BS
C405
Methods of Experimental Physics Laboratory
Lecture Notes : Methods of Mathematical Physics I
Department of Mathematical Methods in Physics
International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern PhysicsTables
List of physical laws -- Physical constants -- SI base units -- SI derived units -- SI prefixes -- Unit conversions
History
History of Physics -- Famous Physicists -- Nobel Prize in physics
Related Fields
Astronomy and Astrophysics -- Biophysics -- Electronics -- Engineering -- Geophysics -- Materials science -- Mathematical physics -- Medical physics -- Physical Chemistry
A brief history of physics
Note: The following is a cursory overview of the development of physics. For a more detailed history, please refer to History of physics.
Since antiquity, people have tried to understand the behavior of matter: why unsupported objects drop to the ground, why different materials have different properties, and so forth. Also a mystery was the character of the universe, such as the form of the Earth and the behavior of celestial objects such as the Sun and the Moon. Several theories were proposed, most of them were wrong. These theories were largely couched in philosophical terms, and never verified by systematic experimental testing. There were exceptions and there are anachronisms: for example, the Greek thinker Archimedes derived many correct quantitative descriptions of mechanics and hydrostatics.
During the late 16th century, Galileo pioneered the use of experiment to validate physical theories, which is the key idea in the scientific method. Galileo formulated and successfully tested several results in dynamics, in particular the Law of Inertia. In 1687, Newton published the Principia Mathematica, detailing two comprehensive and successful physical theories: Newton's laws of motion, from which arise classical mechanics; and Newton's Law of Gravitation, which describes the fundamental force of gravity. Both theories agreed well with experiment. Classical mechanics would be exhaustively extended by Lagrange, Hamilton, and others, who produced new formulations, principles, and results. The Law of Gravitation initiated the field of astrophysics, which describes astronomical phenomena using physical theories.
From the 18th century onwards, thermodynamics was developed by Boyle, Young, and many others. In 1733, Bernoulli used statistical arguments with classical mechanics to derive thermodynamic results, initiating the field of statistical mechanics. In 1798, Thompson demonstrated the conversion of mechanical work into heat, and in 1847 Joule stated the law of conservation of energy, in the form of heat as well as mechanical energy.
The behavior of electricity and magnetism was studied by Faraday, Ohm, and others. In 1855, Maxwell unified the two phenomena into a single theory of electromagnetism, described by Maxwell's equations. A prediction of this theory was that light is an electromagnetic wave.
In 1895, Roentgen discovered X-rays, which turned out to be high-frequency electromagnetic radiation. Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel, and further studied by Pierre Curie and Marie Curie and others. This initiated the field of nuclear physics.
In 1897, Thomson discovered the electron, the elementary particle which carries electrical current in circuits. In 1904, he proposed the first model of the atom, known as the plum pudding model. (The existence of the atom had been proposed in 1808 by Dalton.)
In 1905, Einstein formulated the theory of special relativity, unifying space and time into a single entity, spacetime. Relativity prescribes a different transformation between reference frames than classical mechanics; this necessitated the development of relativistic mechanics as a replacement for classical mechanics. In the regime of low (relative) velocities, the two theories agree. In 1915, Einstein extended special relativity to explain gravity with the general theory of relativity, which replaces Newton's law of gravitation. In the regime of low masses and energies, the two theories agree.
In 1911, Rutherford deduced from scattering experiments the existence of a compact atomic nucleus, with positively charged constituents dubbed protons. Neutrons, the neutral nuclear constituents, were discovered in 1932 by Chadwick.
Beginning in 1900, Planck, Einstein, Bohr, and others developed quantum theories to explain various anomalous experimental results by introducing discrete energy levels. In 1925, Heisenberg and 1926, Schrödinger and Dirac formulated quantum mechanics, which explained the preceding quantum theories. In quantum mechanics, the outcomes of physical measurements are inherently probabilistic; the theory describes the calculation of these probabilities. It successfully describes the behavior of matter at small distance scales.
Quantum mechanics also provided the theoretical tools for condensed matter physics, which studies the physical behavior of solids and liquids, including phenomena such as crystal structures, semiconductivity, and superconductivity. The pioneers of condensed matter physics include Bloch, who created a quantum mechanical description of the behavior of electrons in crystal structures in 1928.
During World War II, research was conducted by each side into nuclear physics, for the purpose of creating a nuclear bomb. The German effort, led by Heisenberg, did not succeed, but the Allied Manhattan Project reached its goal. In America, a team led by Fermi achieved the first man-made nuclear chain reaction in 1942, and in 1945 the world's first nuclear explosive was detonated at Trinity site, near Alamogordo, New Mexico.
Quantum field theory was formulated in order to extend quantum mechanics to be consistent with special relativity. It achieved its modern form in the late 1940s with work by Feynman, Schwinger, Tomonaga, and Dyson. They formulated the theory of quantum electrodynamics, which describes the electromagnetic interaction.
Quantum field theory provided the framework for modern particle physics, which studies fundamental forces and elementary particles. In 1954, Yang and Mills developed a class of gauge theories, which provided the framework for the Standard Model. The Standard Model, which was completed in the 1970s, successfully describes almost all elementary particles observed to date.
Future directions
As of 2003, research is progressing on a large number of fields of physics.
In condensed matter physics, the biggest unsolved theoretical problem is the explanation for high-temperature superconductivity. Strong efforts, largely experimental, are being put into making workable spintronics and quantum computers.
In particle physics, the first pieces of experimental evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model have begun to appear. Foremost amongst this are indications that neutrinos have non-zero mass. These experimental results appear to have solved the long-standing solar neutrino problem in solar physics. The physics of massive neutrinos is currently an area of active theoretical and experimental research. In the next several years, particle accelerators will begin probing energy scales in the TeV range, in which experimentalists are hoping to find evidence for the higgs boson and supersymmetric particles.
Theoretical attempts to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity into a single theory of quantum gravity, a program ongoing for over half a century, has yet to bear fruit. The current leading candidates are M-theory and loop quantum gravity.
Many astronomical phenomena have yet to be explained, including the existence of ultra-high energy cosmic rays and the anomalous rotation rates of galaxies. Theories that have been proposed to resolve these problems include doubly-special relativity, modified Newtonian dynamics, and the existence of dark matter. In addition, the cosmological predictions of the last several decades have been contradicted by recent evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.
See unsolved problems in physics for a fuller treatment of this subject.
Suggested reading and external links
- Feynman, The Character of Physical Law, Random House (Modern Library), 1994, hardcover, 192 pages, ISBN 0679601279
- Feynman, Leighton, Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Addison-Wesley 1970, 3 volumes, paperback, ISBN 0201021153, hardcover Commemorative edition, 1989, ISBN 0201500647
- Brian Greene, The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory, 464 pages, paperback, Vintage Books, 2000, ISBN 0375708111, hardcover, W.W. Norton & Company, 2003, ISBN 0393058581
- Eric Weisstein, Weisstein and Wolfram Research, Inc., and et al, World of Physics. Online Physics encyclopedic dictionary.
- Carl R. Nave, HyperPhysics, . Online crosslinked physics concept maps.
| MUST HAVE! TI-83 Plus | BETTER! TI-89 | BEST! Voyage 200 |
Physics Calculator Index
Physics Calculators
Martindale's Calculators On-Line Center: Physics, Astrophysics &
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Measurement Unit Conversion Calculators
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Calculator City: A Web Resource for Mathematics: Algebra, Geometry
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Astronomy/Physics -- Calculators
The Standard Model - of elementary particles
nquiring Minds - Mar 7
The Particle Adventure
elementary particles: Standard Model of Particle Physics
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The Standard Model of elementary particles
The Standard Model
III. ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS TODAY
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Elementary particles
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Physics at Minnesota: Theoretical Elementary Particle Physics
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elementary particles on Encyclopedia.comQUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT
Entanglement is a real phenomenon (Einstein called it "spooky action at a distance") that really exists. It can be demonstrated repeatedly through scientific experimentation. However, it has not yet been fully explained. No one knows why or how it does what it does - immediate action at a distance.
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VELOCITY AND ACELERATION
The Physics Classroom
Acceleration
creativepro.com - Flash Physics: Velocity and Acceleration
Physics For Beginners: An introduction to physics for the absolute
SparkNotes: SAT Physics: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration
Angular Velocity and Acceleration
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FearOfPhysics.com: Learn about Position, Velocity, and Acceleration
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Course Development
NTNUJAVA: Virtual Physics Laboratory
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[PDF] Technologies for Learning - Velocity and Acceleration
Physics 581: Teaching Dynamics with Excel97
Basic Physics Equations and Formulas
Physics Equations - EquationSheet
Eric Weisstein's World of Physics
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The Constants and Equations pages
Basic Physics Equations and Formulas
Physics Equations and Constants
Physics Formulary: Table of Contents
[PDF] 2002 Table of Information & Equation Tables
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Measurements, Units and Mathematical Equations in Physics
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[PDF] Equation Sheets for AP Physics Examinations
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Mathematical Physics - EqWorld
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Physics Equations Mug : physics : CafePress.com
Australian Synchrotron Forums - Mathematical Physics Equations
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SCALARS AND VECTORS
Scalars and Vectors
Vectors
The Physics Classroom
Scalar (physics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Physics Formulas
Physics Tips - Physics news and articles - An Introduction to
vectors
A-levels.net: AS Physics - forces and motion, scalars & vectors
Physics with Calculus: Part 0: Scalar and Vector Quantities
The Ultimate Physics Tutor: Scalars And Vectors and other Physics
Scalars and Vectors
Vectors, Scalars, Distance, and Displacement
Mixing scalars and vectors-an elegant view of physics
Vectors, Introduction
Jiskha Homework Help - Features: Forum: physics: scalars/vectors
Study Room - Physics - Mechanics - Scalars and vectors
Isometries in physics: Information From Answers.com
A-level Physics/Forces and Motion/Scalars and vectors - Wikibooks
Speed and Velocity
scalar: Information From Answers.com
PinkMonkey.com Physics Study Guide - Section CHAPTER 1 : SCALARS
Symmetry in physics at AllExperts
SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES
PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway: Search/Browse Results
Bernoulli's Law -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics
Physics of flight - revisitedBernoulli's Principle
Physics : Bernoulli principle
Misinterpretations of Bernoulli's Equation
APPARATUS FOR TEACHING PHYSICS: Bernoulli's Principle on a Grand
Physics at Minnesota: Bernoulli Effects
Bernoulli's principle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
BAD PHYSICS: Misconceptions spread by K-6 Grade School Textbooks
HyperPhysics
Bernoulli and Newton
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Gravity -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics
Physics - Gravity - Zero Gravity - Anti Gravity
kirupa.com - Physics: Gravity
GCSE PHYSICS: Gravity
Physics: Gravity | eThemes | eMINTS
The Physics Classroom
Gravitation - Related Items - MSN Encarta
Phun Physics - Topics
The Law of Gravity
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Quickie Questions - Phascinating Physics - Gravity/Light/Magnetism
Modern Physics/Gravity - Wikibooks, collection of open-content
Physics Concepts: Gravity
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Department of Physics, Princeton University
PHYSICS:Gravity Measurements Close in on Big G -- Kestenbaum 282
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PHYSICS:Gravity's Gravity Vindicates Einstein -- Watson 286 (5442
Internet Archive Search: subject:Physics AND subject:"Gravity"
Penn State Eberly College of Science -- Physics Gravity Model .
Gravitational Physics, Scientific Computing
NASA's Cosmicopia -- Ask Us - Space Physics - Gravity in Space
EINSTEIN
Einstein-Image and Impact. AIP History Center exhibit.
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Albert Einstein - Biography
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Physics: Albert Einstein Theory of Relativity: WSM in Absolute
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox -- from Eric Weisstein's World of
Einstein International Year of Physics 2005 - Australian Institute .
Einstein's Legacy
Neowin.net - Gaming Physics: Einstein on a PCB
World Year of Physics 2005
HISTORY OF SCIENCE: EINSTEIN ON PHYSICS AND PROGRESS
Women on the frontiers of physics - A Century of Einstein - MSNBC.com
Was Einstein a Space Alien?
Galileo and Einstein Home Page
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Dirac, Einstein and physics (March 2000) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb
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University of Surrey Department of Physics - Einstein day
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[PDF] Meet Einstein – Experience Physics Einstein Year at the Bern
Chapter 8. On the Idea of Time in Physics. Einstein, Albert. 1920
The National Academies | Science in the Headlines | The World Year
Physics Quiz - Explore - The Lab - Australian Broadcasting ...
Einstein's Mistakes - Physics Today November 2005
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College of Science & Engineering: Physics-Einstein @ Home
Amazon.com: Finding God In Physics: Einstein's Missing Relative
EINSTEIN, PHYSICS AND REALITY
Educational & Teaching Resources: Physics: Einstein Year (2005)
Chronology of Milestone Events in Particle Physics - EINSTEIN 1905B
PARC Forum | August 24, 2006
[PDF] Year of Physics: Einstein celebrations get off to a flyer Physics
[PDF] 2005 World Year of Physics Einstein Centennial: From Brownian
review: BFG Ageia PhysX
Background-Independent Physics: Einstein's Greatest Legacy
BBC - Education Scotland - Higher Bitesize Revision - Physics ...
Britney Spears' Guide to Semiconductor Physics: Density of States
Density -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics
Density
Bathtub Physics - Density, Buoyancy and Flotation
GCSE PHYSICS Density - Weight - Calculations - gcsescience.com.
Essay: Physics Density Investigation - Coursework.Info
Physics Quiz : Density
Nat' Academies Press, Frontiers in High Energy Density Physics ...
Institute for Computational Physics: Density fluctuations in a ...
Density Functional Theory
Physics: density
Density of Air
School of Physics - Density Matrix Theory
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density(physics)
High Energy Density Physics Division at Lawrence Livermore ...
Syvum Physics Theory : Density
[PDF] MOLECULAR PHYSICS, Density profiles of a hard sphere chain fluid ...
Land Of Physics, Density & Pressure
ATOMS
The Quantum Atom
GCSE Physics: Atom
FearOfPhysics.com: What is an Atom
Particle Physics / Atomic Structure (Atoms) explained with ...
Atoms - the inside story. Introduction.
Bohr's Atom
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Atomic Physics authors/titles recent submissions
ATOMS
Atomic Physics: Steven Chu Group at Stanford University
The Particle Adventure Has Moved
Atomic Physics: Atoms Take a Turn for the Better -- Seife 275 ...
A Look Inside the Atom
Open Directory - Kids and Teens: School Time: Science: Physics ...
Atomic physics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tel Aviv University, Physics, Atoms and Molecules
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Quantum mathematical physics: atoms, molecules and large systems
The Wave Nature of Matter
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[PDF] Links to VCE Physics Atoms and lasers: absorption Absorption ...
Physics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Atom -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics
Frame of Reference - Tertius Stele
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NIST: Atomic Spectra Database - home page
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AddALL.com - Advances in Chemical Physics, Atoms and Photons Near ...
Atom lasers (August 1999) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb
Physics > Atomic Physics in the Yahoo! Directory
Java Applets on Physics (Java 1.4)
Quantum Gases - Atom Optics
Real-Time Visualization of Quantum Atomic Orbitals
The Particle Adventure
TORQUE
What Is Torque?
Torque -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics
Levers and Torque
Modern Physics:Torque and Angular Momentum - Wikibooks, collection ...
Physics Concepts: Torque
Hypography Science Forums - Newtonian physics: torque on a planet ...
Macromedia - Developer Center : Making and Playing Asteroids with ...
PHysics (Torque?) problem BAFFLING!!! Text - Physics Forums Library
Physics Zone: Lessons on Torque
Nanophysics Group Seminars | Surface Physics Group, University of York
Torque & Rotation
Physics Tutoring: Torque
The Physics of Dance
Relation Between Torque and Angular Acceleration
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New Scientist Planet Science: Torque of the devil
Torque - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Museum of Unworkable Devices Physics Gallery
TUTORIALS - PHYSICS
Physics Tutorial Menu
The Physics Classroom
Learn Physics Today!
Physics Tutorials
Online Physics Tutorials
DOLORES GENDE: PHYSICS TUTORIALS
Physics 2000
Open Directory - Science: Physics: Education: Tutorials
GCSE.com: revising revision
Clemson U. Physics Excel Tutorial
Physics Lab Tutorials
HyperPhysics
UCLA - IGPP SSC Tutorial Articles
Zona Land, Home
The Net Advance of Physics
Solar Physics Tutorial by Marshall Space Flight Center
Physics 2000
GCSE Physics Tutorials on Electricity
Physics tutorial by Roman Goc
TEXTBOOKS, LECTURE NOTES AND TUTORIALS IN MATHEMATICS
The Physics Classroom
Space and Solar Physics Tutorials
School of Physics: Academics==>Tutorial and Demos
MTU Physics Tutorials on the Web
HyperPhysics Concepts
Draft Tutorials in Soil Physics
On-Line Tutorials & References
Tutorials in Introductory Physics
Budker Group Physics Tutorials
Physics Tutorials
N Tutorials - Collision Detection and Response
Introductory Physics Tutorials - Physics Forums Library
Advanced Physics Tutorials - Physics Forums Library
Macromedia Flash MX Math Physics Tutorials
GameDev.net -- Math and Physics
UCLA - IGPP Space Physics Tutorial/ Magnetospshere
MRIMAIN2
WLAP - Browse ResourcesTUTORIALS WITH MATHCAD
Dr. Miron Kaufman's instructional MathCAD files
Physics Tutorial Menu
Mathcad Files
News: Mathcad 13.1 Academic Pack < Hearne Scientific Software
MATHCAD, MATLAB, maple & mathematica
mathcad problem
Home Page of Don Sparlin
[PDF] Introduction to the use of MATHCAD on the PC
Mathcad
School of Physics--Tutorial: Great Sites
School of Physics--Tutorial: Great Sites
News: Mathcad 13.1 Academic Pack < Hearne Scientific Software
Circuit Sage: Inductor Tools and Links
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Physics Related Software Manuals/Links
Circuit Sage: Inductor Tools and Links
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Barry Pointon's Web Pages
Emailwire.com: Press Releases; Press Release Distribution Service
MathSoft To Host The Physics Classroom Physics Tutorial
HEAT
SparkNotes: SAT Physics: Heat and Temperature
SparkNotes: SAT Physics: Heat Engines
Physics Encyclopedia: Temperature and Heat
BBC - GCSE Bitesize - Physics | Energy | Heat transfer
GCSE Physics: Heat Transfer: CONDUCTION
FHSST Physics Heat Matter:Heat and Properties of Matter
Physics - Heat Transfer Notes
The Physics of Heat Processing Page
Heat (physics) - MSN Encarta
Physics Demonstrations - Heat
3D Physics - Heat - Martin Baker
Heat (Thermodynamics) Science Fair Projects
Building heat flux: measurement of heat flux through walls, the
The Open Door Web Site : IB Physics : Thermal Physics : Heat Pumps
Grau-Hall Scientific - Sacramento: Microscopes, owl pellets
Heat and Temperature- Concepts
Thermal Dynamics - the Science of Heat / Physics
Sample Activity: Physics - Heat and Temperature
PHYSICS:Heat Flow Runs Into Quantum Limit -- Cho 288 (5466): 591
223 Physics Lab: Specific and Latent Heat
Specific Heat -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics
Physics 20: Specific Heat Capacity and Latent Heat
College Physics for Students of Biology and Chemistry - Heat Flow
The Open Door Web Site : IB Physics : Thermal Physics : The Heat
Sensible Heat
Thermal Physics Unit 2 - Heat
physics resources
Modern Physics:Specific Heat - Wikibooks, collection of open ...
Specific HeatHeat and Thermodynamics
- Heat
- Heat Transfer
- Thermal Insulation
- Temperature
- Thermodynamics
- The Heat Required to Turn Ice into Steam
- The Mpemba Effect - Hot Water Freezes before Cold
GCSE Physics: Index
The Physics index links to the sections in which the following references are made.ammeter
Current Electricity | Glossary | Ohm's Law | Parallel Circuits | Series Circuits | Voltage & Current
amp
Current Electricity | Glossary | Ohm's Law | Parallel Circuits | Series Circuits | Voltage & Current
amplitude
anion
asteroid
Asteroids | Meteorites | The Solar System
Asteroid Belt
atmosphere
atom
Atoms | Glossary | Resistance & Resistors
battery
Cells & Batteries | Circuits | Glossary
big bang
black hole
cation
cell
Cells & Batteries | Circuits | Glossary | Ohm's Law | Voltage & Current
charge (electric)
Atoms | Glossary | Static Electricity
circuit (parallel)
Glossary | Parallel Circuits | Series Circuits
circuit (series)
Cells & Batteries | Glossary | Parallel Circuits | Series Circuits
coma
comet
Comets | Meteors | Meteorites | The Solar System
conduction
Conduction in non-metals | Conduction in metals
conductor
Current Electricity | Glossary | Resistance & Resistors
convection
Convection | Convection in rooms
corona
current
Current Electricity | Cells & Batteries | Electricity | Glossary | Ohm's Law | Parallel Circuits | Series Circuits | Resistance & Resistors | Voltage & Current
Critical Angle
doppler shift
Earth
The Earth & Moon | An Eclipse | The Force of Gravity | The Planets | The Solar System | The Sun
earthquake
eclipse
electromagnetic spectrum
Electromagnetic Spectrum | Electromagnetic Spectrum 2
electromotive force
Glossary | Ohm's Law | Voltage & Current
electron
Atoms | Current Electricity | Electricity | Glossary | Resistance & Resistors | Static Electricity
element (chemical)
element (electric)
Circuits | Glossary | Resistance & Resistors
Franklin, Benjamin
frequency
galaxies
gamma
Gamma waves | Gamma wave uses |Gamma radiation | Penetration
gravity
Black Holes | The Force of Gravity | Gravity & Galaxies | Neutron Stars | Star Formation | The Sun
friction
Hale Bopp
helium
Star Formation | Main Sequence Stars
hydrogen
Star Formation | Main Sequence Stars
ion
Electricity | Glossary | Static Electricity
infra red
Jupiter
The Planets | The Solar System
kelvin
kilogram
The Force of Gravity | Glossary
light
light year
longitudinal
magnetism
main sequence
Main Sequence Stars | Red Giants
mass
matter
Mercury
The Force of Gravity | The Planets | The Solar System
meteor
meteor shower
microwaves
Milky Way
meteorite
moment
moon
The Earth & Moon | An Eclipse | The Planets
nebula
negative charge
Atoms | Current Electricity | Glossary | Static Electricity
negative ion
negative terminal
Cells & Batteries | Circuits | Current Electricity | Glossary
Neptune
The Planets | The Solar System
newton
The Force of Gravity | Glossary
nucleus
neutron
Atoms | Glossary | Static Electricity
neutron star
ohm
Glossary | Ohm's Law | Resistance & Resistors
Ohm, Georg
Glossary | Resistance & Resistors
Ohm's law
particle
Atoms | Electricity | Glossary | Star Formation
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Thomson, Sir Joseph J
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Total Internal Reflection | Critical Angle
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weight
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TUTORIALS ONLINE FREE
Amusement Park Physics by Learner.org
How do physics laws affect amusement park ride design?
College Physics for Students of Biology & Chemistry by Kenneth R. Koehler
This is a hypertextbook written for first-year undergraduate physics students.
Physics of Matter, Energy, Motion, and Forces by EncycloZine
Physics is a major branch of science, concerned with the fundamental components of the universe, the forces they exert on one another, and the results produced by these forces.
Simple Harmonic Motion by University of Guelph
Amplitude, Period, and Frequency, Phase, Initial Phase, Velocity and Acceleration
Introduction to Free Body Diagrams by University of Guelph
No doubt you are aware of free body diagrams (otherwise known as FBD's).
What is Torque? by University of Guelph
Torque is a measure of how much a force acting on an object causes that object to rotate.
Torque and Angular Acceleration by University of Guelph
In this section, we will develop the relationship between torque and angular acceleration. You will need to have a basic understanding of moments of inertia for this section.
The Quantum Theory by General Chemistry Online
The quantum theory that describes the behavior of electrons is a cornerstone in modern chemistry.
INVENTING
Inventing 101 NCIO
The amount of success gained by an inventor will be in direct proportion to the amount of education, effort and preparation. Stephen Paul Gnass
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