The WWW links on this site will take you directly to the various web site pages.  Your browser URL address line will tell you the origin of the site.<1.  INTRODUCTION -  

Chemistry is the study of matter and the interactions among different types of matter.  Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.  The first step in learning more about chemistry is to read as much as you  can on your areas of interest.  The book "Chemistry - The Easy Way" is an example of a low cost guide to get you started.   Chemistry has four major areas of interest and many sub-specialties.  

1.  Organic Chemistry - The study of the element carbon and its compounds including living matter.

Web-ster's Organic Chemistry - http://ep.llnl.gov/msds/orgchem/Web-sters_Org_Chem.html
Organic Chemistry Help -  http://www.chemhelper.com/

2.  Inorganic chemistry - The study of all other elements of non-living matter.

Washington State - http://www.wsu.edu/~wherland/Virtual U. North - http://www.compusmart.ab.ca/plambeck/che/struct/s060x.htm

3.  Analytical chemistry - The study of " What is it?" or qualitative chemistry and "How much is there?"  which is quantitative chemistry.  Analytical chemistry is the analysis of compounds.   

U. Akron; Analytical Chemistry - http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/analytical/index.html  
Analytical Chemistry  - http://www.netaccess.on.ca/~dbc/cic_hamilton/anal.html

4.  Physical Chemistry - The quantitative aspects of the physical properties of substances and their relationship to chemical structure and composition.

Biochemistry - The study of biologically active substances.Polymer chemistry - The chemistry of long chained molecules.

Solid state chemistry - The behavior of solids.

Organometallic chemistry - The chemistry of compounds in which a metal is bonded in an organic compound.

General Chemistry Online - http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/index.shtml

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Chemistry is the study of the atomic building blocks of nature, how they combine and their combinations which form the solids, liquids, and gases that make up most forms of matter. For the many different chemical elements and compounds, see:

• The Periodic table
• List of compounds
• Inorganic chemistry, including solid state chemistry, which studies the basic principles that are applied in mineralogy and materials science.
• Organic chemistry, which underlies biochemistry and polymer chemistry and is the study of carbon-containing molecules.
• Physical chemistry, which includes computational chemistry, quantum chemistry and surface chemistry.
• Analytical chemistry, the basis of environmental chemistry.

To represent structures easily, you can use chemical ASCII-art.

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NEW! Periodic Chart of the Elements with correlation to their health aspects - http://www.lenntech.com/periodic-chart.htm
Each element contains a link to a page that explains its chemical properties, and its health effects and environmental effects,  In four languages

Periodic Tables

• 109 - Visual Elements- Visit the new visual interpretation of the table of elements at chemsoc, the chemistry societies network
• A Brief History of the Development of the Periodic Table- Western Oregon University
• Chemicool Periodic Table- Oxidation and electrons, reactions, conductivity, and radius information; by David D. Hsu
• Hyper Chemistry on the Web! – The Periodic Table- Description of the elements' physical, structural, and chemical properties; 1996 Thinkquest Entry
• Magnetic Resonance Periodic Table- Receive magnetic resonance information for an element
• A Periodic Table of the Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory-Elemental properties, uses, sources, and handling; by the Los Alamos National Laboratory
• WebElements- Mark Winter's (University of Sheffields) award winning site; elemental background, descriptions, and physical properties
• X-Ray Properties of the Periodic Table- Choose an element and receive its x-ray properties

Nuclear Terminology
The Language of the Nucleus, on-line edition.
The world's largest nuclear glossary. http://glossary.dataenabled.com/

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A P Chemistry

AP Chemistry Cards
Chemistry Terms
Chemistry Links 1
Chemistry Links 2
Chemistry Books
Chemistry JAVA
ChemTeam: Main Menu
Chemistry Coach
AP Chemistry Resources
AP Central - Chemistry Course Perspective
chemmybear.com
Chemistry
PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway - Web Catalogue
AP Chemistry Page
AP Concepts Home Page
AP Workshop--UCR 2000
High 2
AOL - Apex Learning
AP Interactive Animations
AP Chemistry
AP Chemistry Exam
AP Web Sites
AP Chemistry
Chemistry Server's Output
video: The Standard Deviants: Chemistry, Part 1  ~ VHS  or DVD
video: The Standard Deviants: Chemistry, Part 2 ~ VHS  or DVD
video: The Standard Deviants: Chemistry, Part 3 ~ VHS or DVD

CHEMISTRY 
TUTORIALS 

Free online chemistry tutorials 

   ChemistryCoach.com http://www.chemistrycoach.com/tutorials-1.htm

Rader's Chemistry 4 Kids by Chem4Kids.com

CHEM4KIDS - Chemistry Research destination

 

Chemistry Tutorial by University of Arizona

Review the basics of chemistry you'll need to know to study biology.

 

Large Molecules by University of Arizona

Learn about structures and properties of sugars, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides, as well as macromolecules including proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides.

 

Acids & Bases by University of Arizona

Learn about the solvent properties of water, pH, pKa and buffering capacity.

Clinical Correlates of pH Levels by University of Arizona

Learn how metabolic acidosis or alkalosis can arise and how these conditions shift the bicarbonate equilibrium. The body's compensatory mechanisms and treatment options are also discussed.

 

B12/Folate by University of Arizona

Learn which biological reactions require either B12 or folate (or both); what the consequences of a deficiency in either vitamin are, and the important step in which B12 and folate metabolism overlap.

 

Energy, Enzymes, and Catalysis by University of Arizona

Familiarize yourself with some key principles about enzymes, catalysis, and energy that are central to a subsequent study of metabolic pathways.

 

Metabolism by University of Arizona

Develop a basic understanding of some of the fundamental concepts of metabolism.

 

Carbohydrate Metabolism Regulation by University of Arizona

Learn about the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by insulin, glucagon and epinephrine, mainly in liver and muscle.

 

Photosynthesis 1 by University of Arizona

Study the conversion of light energy into different forms of chemical energy during photosynthesis.

 

Photosynthesis 2 by University of Arizona

Review the location and overall reactions of carbohydrate biosynthesis during photosynthesis, and understand the metabolic differences between C3 and C4 plants.

 

An Introduction to Surface Chemistry by Dr. Roger Nix

Structure of Metallic Surfaces,  Adsorption of Molecules on Surfaces, The Langmuir Isotherm, UHV & Effects of Gas Pressure, Surface Analytical Techniques, Overlayer Structures & Surface Diffraction, Surface Imaging & Depth Profiling

 

An Overview of Chemistry by EncycloZine

Chemistry is the branch of science concerned with the properties, structure, and composition of substances and their reactions with one another. There are two main divisions, organic and inorganic.

 

http://www.chemistrycoach.com/tutorials-4.htm#Acids%20and%20Bases:

CHEMISTRY VIDEOS - FREE

1. Introduction to the atom
2. Orbitals
3. More on orbitals and electron configuration
4. Electron Configurations
5. Electron Configurations 2
6. Valence Electrons
7. Groups of the Periodic Table
8. Periodic Table Trends: Ionization Energy
9. Other Periodic Table Trends
10. Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonds
11. Molecular and Empirical Formulas
12. The Mole and Avogadro's Number
13. Formula from Mass Composition
14. Another mass composition problem
15. Balancing Chemical Equations
16. Stoichiometry
17. Stoichiometry: Limiting Reagent
18. Ideal Gas Equation: PV=nRT
19. Ideal Gas Equation Example 1
20. Ideal Gas Equation Example 2
21. Ideal Gas Equation Example 3
22. Ideal Gas Example 4
23. Partial Pressure
24. States of Matter
25. States of Matter Follow-Up
26. Specific Heat, Heat of Fusion and Vaporization
27. Chilling Water Problem
28. Phase Diagrams
29. Van Der Waals Forces
30. Covalent Networks, Metallic, and Ionic Crystals
31. Vapor Pressure
32. Suspensions, Colloids and Solutions
33. Solubility
34. Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Supression
35. Introduction to Kinetics
36. Reactions in Equilibrium
37. Mini-Video on Ion Size
38. Keq Intuition (mathy and not necessary to progress)
39. Keq derivation intuition (can skip; bit mathy)
40. Heterogenous Equilibrium
41. Le Chatelier's Principle
42. Introduction to pH, pOH, and pKw
43. Acid Base Introduction
44. pH, pOH of Strong Acids and Bases
45. pH of a Weak Acid
46. pH of a Weak Base
47. Conjugate Acids and Bases
48. pKa and pKb Relationship
49. Buffers
50. Strong Acid Titration
51. Weak Acid Titration
52. Half Equivalence Point
53. Titration Roundup
54. Introduction to Oxidation States
55. More on Oxidation States
56. Hydrogen Peroxide Correction
57. Redox Reactions
58. Galvanic Cells
59. Types of Decay
60. Half-Life
61. Exponential Decay Formula Proof (can skip, involves Calculus)
62. Introduction to Exponential Decay
63. More Exponential Decay Examples
64. Macrostates and Microstates
65. Quasistatic and Reversible Processes
66. First Law of Thermodynamics/ Internal Energy
67. More on Internal Energy
68. Work from Expansion
69. PV-diagrams and Expansion Work
70. Proof: U=(3/2)PV or U=(3/2)nRT
71. Work Done by Isothermic Process
72. Carnot Cycle and Carnot Engine
73. Proof: Volume Ratios in a Carnot Cycle
74. Proof: S (or Entropy) is a valid state variable
75. Thermodynamic Entropy Definition Clarification
76. Reconciling Thermodynamic and State Definitions of Entropy
77. Entropy Intuition
78. Maxwell's Demon
79. More on Entropy
80. Efficiency of a Carnot Engine
81. Carnot Efficiency 2: Reversing the Cycle
82. Carnot Efficiency 3: Proving that it is the most efficient
83. Enthalpy
84. Heat of Formation
85. Hess's Law and Reaction Enthalpy Change
86. Gibbs Free Energy and Spontaneity
87. Gibbs Free Energy Example
88. More rigorous Gibbs Free Energy/ Spontaneity Relationship
89. A look at a seductive but wrong Gibbs/Spontaneity Proof
90. Stoichiometry Example Problem 1
91. Stoichiometry Example Problem 2
92. Limiting Reactant Example Problem 1
93. Empirical and Molecular Formulas from Stoichiometry
94. Example of Finding Reactant Empirical Formula
95. Stoichiometry of a Reaction in Solution
96. Another Stoichiometry Example in a Solution
97. Molecular and Empirical Forumlas from Percent Composition

 

Chemistry - Animations

• Aqueous Equilibrium Animations
• Karl's Chemistry Pages
• Atom Builder from PBS
• Chemical Bonding Ithaca City School District by Science Joy Wagaon
• Animated Bonds by June B. Steinberg
• Hydrogen Bonds and Water from Northland Community and Technical College
• Structure of Water by John Kyrk
• Salt Dissolving in Water from Northland Community and Technical College
• Molecular View of Solution formation Essential Chemistry, 2/e by Raymond Chang
• Animated pH scale by John Kyrk
• Buffering Essential Chemistry, 2/e by Raymond Chang
• Radiocarbon Dating Brian M. Fagan Department of Anthropology, UCSB
• Chemistry Animations Essential Chemistry, 2/e by Raymond Chang
• Chiral Molecules Nobel Prize Chemistry 2001
• Rotating The Water Molecule Physics 2000
• Atoms and Chemical Bonding by David Krogh
• Chemistry Comes Alive Journal of Chemical Education
• A Graphical Look at the Particle Theory by Arthur Dube
• Making Solutions Directions Wellesley College
• Periodic Chart and BondingIowa State University

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Online Marketing Training. URL: http://online-college-search.org/Sales_and_Marketing_Schools.html 
Desc: You have come to the right place if you are looking for more information on Sales and Marketing Schools, Online Marketing Colleges or Online Marketing Degrees. 

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Organic Chemistry Tutorials

Acids and Bases
     Vocabulary   |   Conjugate Acids and Bases   |   Use of the pKa Table   |   Molecular Structure and Acidity

Carbocations     Carbocations

Curved Arrows     Curved Arrows

Electrophiles and Nucleophiles     Vocabulary   |   Electrophiles and Nucleophiles

Formal Charge     Formal Charge

Lewis Dot Structures     Drawing Lewis Dot Structures

Resonance     Vocabulary   |   Drawing Resonance Contributor   |   Most Important Resonance Contributor

Stereochemistry     Stereochemistry lecture presentation (Chem 30A fall 2002)

Organic Stereochemistry: http://www.saintmarys.edu/~pbays/Stereochemistry.html

     Vocabulary   |   Identifying Stereocenters   |   Determining Molecular Chirality   |   Classification of Isomers   |
     Stereocenter Nomenclature: The R/S System   |   Drawing Enantiomers and Diastereomers   |   Specific Rotation and Related Calculations

tutorials.html
Organic Chemistry OnLine Tutorial
Organic Chemistry Help!

Organic Chemistry Tutorials

Tutorials in organic chemistry
Metabolic Pathways of Biochemistry - Organic Chemistry Tutorial
Computational Chemistry and Organic Synthesis
General, Organic and Biochemistry
Colby OChem Visual Demos
Tutorials-8

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CHEMISTRY TERMS
Chemistry Thesaurus - download 

IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M]
[N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z]

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The following WWW links will take you directly to the various web site pages.  Your browser URL address line will tell you the origin of the site.

Chemistry Review    http://esg-www.mit.edu:8001/esgbio/chapters.html

For a brief introduction to chemistry click on this;
TUTORIAL 1.   
then , TUTORIAL 2  http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/tutorials

Next visit the following links that interest you.

How to survive basic chemistry.    www.chemtutor.com
Learning style management.   www.chemtutor.com
Class management.   www.chemtutor.com
How to study for tests.    www.chemtutor.com
Some pointers on general studying for chemistry.  www.chemtutor.com
Problem solving skills in chemistry.   www.chemtutor.com
Some possibly useful pointers on problem solving.   www.chemtutor.com

2. MATTER - Matter is physically everything that exists that we can touch and feel. Matter consists of atoms.  

Read an introduction to ATOMS here.  

Here is a comparison of solids, liquids and gasses CLICK HERE.  All matter can be classified as being either a pure substance or a mixture.  Matter can exist as either a solid, liquid, or a gas and can change among these three states of matter.  Mixtures can be heterogeneous (made up of two or more physically different parts or states of matter) or homogeneous (consisting of components that cannot be individually detected.)  Homogenous mixtures are usually called solutions.  In a two-component system, the major component is called the solvent and the minor component is called the solute.  Aqueous solutions have water as the solvent.  If the components of a solution can be mixed in any proportion, they are said to be miscible.  A colloid is a mixture in which the particles of the lesser phase are intermediate in size between those present in the homogeneous mixtures and those in heterogeneous mixtures; typically they are on the order of 10 to 10,000 angstroms in diameter.

¿And you thought you were strange?        www.chemtutor.com
Atomic weights and atomic numbers.   www.chemtutor.com
Formula weight or molecular weight.     www.chemtutor.com
Electron configuration.   www.chemtutor.com
Electron configuration chart.   www.chemtutor.com
Common electron configuration scheme.   www.chemtutor.com
Octet rule as seen on the periodic chart.    www.chemtutor.com
Sideways periodic chart with electron shell numbers.      www.chemtutor.com
Lewis structures of elements.    www.chemtutor.com
The view from above.  www.chemtutor.com
Kinetic theory of matter.   www.chemtutor.com
Solids.   www.chemtutor.com
Liquids.   www.chemtutor.com

GASES  See special article from Scott Specialty Gases

Description: The Scott Specialty Gases website is a valuable resource for technical and safety chemical information including an online MSDS Library, comprehensive downloadable Design and Safety handbook, chemical innovations, specialty gases, chemical safety tips, and compliance documentation.  Scott Specialty Gases http://www.scottgas.com/

Gases.    www.chemtutor.com
A walk up the phase change graph.   www.chemtutor.com
The 'heat curve' or phase change graph for water.    www.chemtutor.com
Live steam.  www.chemtutor.com
Cooking in water.   www.chemtutor.com
Heat curve math.    www.chemtutor.com
Triple point of materials.   www.chemtutor.com
Heat curve problems.   www.chemtutor.com 
Heat properties of selected materials.  www.chemtutor.com 

Mixtures

Find Optimal Formulation of Mixtures Dept of Energy Document
Process Optimization Dept of Energy Document
Design Experiments Dept of Energy Document
What are materials made of? Separating mixtures
Separating Mixtures - Chemistry - Curriculum Center
Incompatible Chemical Mixtures - Chemistry Archives
mixture (chemistry)
Molecules, Mixtures, & Compounds - Chemistry Teaching Tip
GCSE CHEMISTRY Mixtures - Definition - Separation - Physical 
General Chemistry Online: Companion Notes: Matter
Chem4Kids.com: Matter
GCSE Chemistry Notes on Elements, Compounds, Separation Mrthods of
Mixtures - Succeed in Physical Science

Compounds

Molecules, Mixtures, & Compounds - Chemistry Teaching Tip
General Chemistry Online: Library of common compounds
Glossary of Class Names
Molecules with Silly or Unusual Names
Chemistry of Molecules & Compounds - Facts and Information
SpringerLink - Publication
Organic Compounds Database
Wiley::Carbocyclic Cage Compounds: Chemistry and Applications
[PDF] Photochromic compounds: Chemistry and application in ophthalmic lenses
Welcome to the NIST WebBook

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Famous scientist quote:
"All men deal with matter in the gross and our bodies are constructed of it.  Mysteries of matter, therefore, have a fascination for thoughtful laymen as well as scientists and technologists.  The atom has long been familiar as the ultimate unit of matter".  Lord Ernest Rutherford (18771 - 1937)

3.  ELEMENTS - There are four major parts to learning chemistry basics. - - Elements, Laws and Theories, Combinations of Elements, and Applied Chemistry - learn about them and what the words mean to know the inner mysteries of chemistry.  Learn about each elements physical characteristics and atomic structure by periodic chart of elements and each elements associated physical characteristics.  

At first concentrate on the more common elements of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sodium, potassium, sulfur, and a few metals like copper, zinc, silver, mercury, and lead.   Later you can study the rest of the elements.

Web Elements Online - http://www.webelements.com/index.html

Pictorial Periodic Chart http://chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu/periodic/periodic.html

Periodic Chart and other interesting things. http://radio.weblogs.com/0101365/categories/periodic/

The periodic table, www.consol.ca/downloads/Periodic_Table.html

Chemistry is the study of the atomic building blocks of nature, how they combine and their combinations which form the solids, liquids, and gases that make up most forms of matter. For the many different chemical elements and compounds, see:

• The Periodic table
• List of compounds
• Inorganic chemistry, including solid state chemistry, which studies the basic principles that are applied in mineralogy and materials science.
• Organic chemistry, which underlies biochemistry and polymer chemistry and is the study of carbon-containing molecules.
• Physical chemistry, which includes computational chemistry, quantum chemistry and surface chemistry.
• Analytical chemistry, the basis of environmental chemistry.

To represent structures easily, you can use chemical ASCII-art.

NEW! Periodic Chart of the Elements with correlation to their health aspects - http://www.lenntech.com/periodic-chart.htm
Each element contains a link to a page that explains its chemical properties, and its health effects and environmental effects,  In four languages

Periodic Tables

• 109 - Visual Elements - Visit the new visual interpretation of the table of elements at chemsoc, the chemistry societies network
• A Brief History of the Development of the Periodic Table - Western Oregon University
• Chemicool Periodic Table- Oxidation and electrons, reactions, conductivity, and radius information; by David D. Hsu
• Hyper Chemistry on the Web! – The Periodic Table - Description of the elements' physical, structural, and chemical properties; 1996 Thinkquest Entry
• Magnetic Resonance Periodic Table - Receive magnetic resonance information for an element
• A Periodic Table of the Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory-Elemental properties, uses, sources, and handling; by the Los Alamos National Laboratory
• WebElements - Mark Winter's (University of Sheffields) award winning site; elemental background, descriptions, and physical properties
• X-Ray Properties of the Periodic Table - Choose an element and receive its x-ray properties

Chemist's Art Gallery -- Nice Animation Site
Chem Team - chemistry help
Chemical of the Week
Chemistry Tutorials & Bioethics
Crystals
Periodic Table Challenge -- Fill in the Blank Table
Periodic Table of the Elements -- Elements Seen in the Comics
Periodic Table -- Basic Table
Periodic Table -- Visual (Graphic Intense)
Periodic Table -- WebElements --Very Nice Table
Periodic Table -- History
Periodic Table of Poetry -- Elements Put to Poetry

4.  LAWS AND THEORIES:   Learn about laws, theories, facts and various principals of chemistry.  

For example:
The law of conservation of matter, 
The law of definite composition,  
The law of definite proportions, 
The atomic theory,  
The molecular theory, 
The gas laws and many more.  This will require some memorization but knowing where you can get the information is important.
The laws of Thermodynamics http://www.av8n.com/physics/thermo-laws.htm
The Law of Definite Proportions, et al.
The Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy
Elliott's Chemistry Laws, Principles and Equations
Hess's Law
Chemistry - Laws and Rules
Chemistry Laws
Links: Chemistry Laws and Theories
Tutorials-6
Gas Law Tutorial Index
Virtual Chemistry Experiments and Exercises
Chemistry Tutor
Yahooligans! Search Results for Chemistry Laws
General Chemistry: starting points for students

law of multiple proportions a second case study illustrating the law of multiple proportions Bluffton College law of simple multiple proportions (InfoPlease) law of multiple proportions (teachers.net) law of multiple proportions (UNC-Charlotte) law of multiple proportions (CSU-DH) law of multiple proportions (Marsden) what does the law of multiple proportions mean? (Guch)

law of definite proportions, composition law of definite proportions (University of Wisconsin-SP) law of definite proportions (Brown) law of definite proportions (Northwestern University) llaw of definite composition (101science.com) law of definite composition (Daytona Beach CC)

[PDF] CHEMISTRY 1045C PROBLEM SET #3 Law of Definite Composition
Law of Definite Proportions
Chemical Names and Formulas
Law of definite proportions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
law of definite proportions: Information From Answers.com
Tutorials-2
Dictionary L
law of definite proportions - definition of law of definiteLaw of definite proportions - Biocrawler

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The Standard Model

The Strong Force; an Explanation - The Standard Model
Introduction of everyday forces and quarks, leptons, boson's, fundamental particles and other issues.
From Cornell University: Professors Sadoff, Hine.

Standard Model
IV 2 Particle Chemistry - Compounds
IV 1 Particle Chemistry - Fundamentals
The Standard Model
research report
Frank Potter's Science Gems - Physical Science III
Neutrinos and Implications for Physics Beyond the Standard Model 
NIST Scientific and Technical Databases - Online Scientific Databases
Model Chemlab Standard - Model Science Software Software Store
NIST Scientific and Technical Databases - Online Scientific
Chemistry Priority Academic Student Skills
Chapter 5. Quantum chemistry in Molecular Modeling
K-12 Grade Chemistry Lessons
Chemistry Links
INCA Interaction with Chemistry and Aerosols
RISK ASSESSMENT: Fumehoods

 

In a study of magnesium absorption, chemist Joseph Domek measures magnesium content in water with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Photo by Scott Bauer.

5.  Stoichiometry - COMBINATIONS OF ELEMENTS AND THEIR REACTIONS:  Study chemical reactions by reading sections on stoichiometry in chemistry text books and demonstrating them with laboratory experiments.  (See laboratory cautions below). Combining elements to form new combinations is a very important part of chemistry. (If you don't know the meaning of the words here look them up in the "TERMS" links provided below.  Also look up the words in your dictionary for additional understanding.)  Learn about the concept of a MOLE.  Learn more about chemical reactions HERE.

In a simple equation, such as the synthesis of iron(II) sulfide,
iron + sulfur = iron(II) sulfide the equation requires no special balancing:

Fe + S  Ž   FeS

Our last stage is to put in state symbols, (s, l, g, aq), as appropriate.

Fe(s) + S(s)  Ž   FeS(s)

On a molar basis, we can say that one mole of iron (56g) reacts with one mole of sulfur (32g) to produce one mole of the compound iron(II) sulfide (88g).

You will need the ability in chemistry to describe formulas for any substance you come across.  For ionic compounds the compound formula may be arrived at by knowing the number of charges each ion has.  Memorize this table.  For example sodium (Na) has a charge of +1.  Oxygen (O) has a charge of -2.  Carbon (C) has a charge of -4.  When you see these elements in a formula; substitute the charge numbers and that will tell you how many atoms of each element are needed to balance the equation.

For example if you combine sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) that is the same as +1 = -1 = 0 so you only need one of each.  When we say one, it could mean one atom or one mole.  So the formula for  a combination of sodium and chlorine is Na⁺Cl^- or often written with out the superscripts as NaCl.   This is sodium chloride or common table salt.  What about aluminum and chlorine?  +3 = -1 = +2  In this case you need two chlorine (whatever) to balance the equation for the compound.  It would end up as Al³⁺ 3 Cl^- which is AlCl₃.  Some elements can have various charges like iron.  They are written with roman numerals to indicate the charge; iron(II) Fe²⁺, iron(III) Fe³⁺, etc.

Stoichiometry - CHEMICAL REACTIONS 

Please go to our STOICHIOMETRY page HERE.

LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5399558061059901856&q=chemistry

ACIDS AND BASES

ACID and BASE Chemistry http://www.shodor.org/UNChem/basic/ab/
What are ACIDS? http://www.purchon.com/chemistry/acids.htm
History of Acids and Bases http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A708257
The Acids, Alkalis and Salts Crossword http://www.creative-chemistry.org.uk/funstuff/xword/acids.htm
ABOUT Acids and Bases http://chemistry.about.com/cs/acidsandbases/
Acids and Alkalis  http://www.gcsechemistry.com/aa.htm
Acids and Bases http://sciencespot.net/Pages/kdzchem3.html
AMINO Acids http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/chemistry/bio/amino-acids_en.html
AP Acids http://www.chemistrygeek.com/c2c15.htm
Properties and Examples http://qldscienceteachers.tripod.com/junior/chem/acid.html
Weak Acids and Bases
Acid, Base, and pH Tutorial
Acids and Bases
Acids and Bases - pH Chemistry
[PDF] Acids and bases
The educational encyclopedia, inorganic chemistry, acids and bases
Foundations to Chemistry - adapted from "Chemistry, Matter and the
Glencoe Online External Link
Chem4Kids.com:Reactions:Acids and Bases
Acids & Bases Problem Set
Acids and Bases
Exploring Acids and Bases
Acids & Bases
Acids Bases and Salts
CHEMystery: Acids and Bases
Acids and Bases
Acids & Bases

Names of common acids and their salts follow these simple rules:
-ic acids form -ate salts - for example sulfuric acid forms sulfate salts.
-ous acids form -ite salts - for example sulfurous acid forms sulfite salts.
hydro-(stem)-ic acids form - ide salts - for example hydrochloric acid forms chloride salts.

CHEMTUTOR ACIDS AND BASES

What is an acid or a base?	Properties of acids.
Properties of bases.	Strong acids and bases.
Solubility and dissociation.	Overview of pH.
The pH box.	Calculator use with pH box.
The pKa box.	Weak acids and weak bases.
pH of strong acids and bases.	Weak acids.
Weak bases.	The 5% rule.
pH of weak acids and bases.	Buffers and pH of buffers.
Buffer math.	Titration.
Salts.	Titration and pH math problems.

 

Atmospheric Chemistry

Atmospheric Chemistry Air Quality Glossary
Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics - Home
daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/ATM_CHEM/ac_main.html
Ozone and the Atmosphere Main Menu
IGAC | International Global Atmospheric Chemistry
Research in Atmospheric Chemistry at Leeds
Harvard University Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group
Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry
NERC ACSOE Programme Home Page
CENTRE FOR ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY

Kluwer Academic Publishers - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry
Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics - Home
NCAR/Atmospheric Chemistry Division
Airsite - Atmospheric Chemistry on the Web
Atmospheric Chemistry Program
daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/ATM_CHEM/ac_main.html
IGAC | International Global Atmospheric Chemistry
PMEL Atmospheric Chemistry

METALS

General Data http://science.uniserve.edu.au/school/curric/stage6/chem/metals.html
Metals http://www.discoverchemistry.com/dcv2-docroot/student/real_world/materials/metals.html
Properties http://qldscienceteachers.tripod.com/junior/chem/metals.html
Metals Lists http://dmoz.org/Science/Chemistry/Elements/Transition_Metals/
Alkali Metal http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/alkali.html

Metric Measurement for Chemistry

101 Calculations Page Including Chemistry Calculators

Consultant in metallurgy & chemistry
Lesson Plans - Chemistry
CHEMystery: Introduction to Chemistry: Measurements
metric unit
General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Measurement: Is the SI the same as
Math Skills for Chemistry Tutorials
The Metric System
Units
Units, Scientific Notation, and Significant Figures
Unit Conversion - The FootRule

General Chemistry Online: Companion Notes: Measurement
Atmospheric Chemistry: Field Measurement campaigns
Nulcear Chemistry [Radionuclide Measurement]
MPS/MTP Science Links: Chemistry Links : Measurement
[PDF] Chapter 1: Chemistry and Measurementes
[PDF] Chemistry and Measurement
[PDF] Physical Chemistry Viscosity Measurement of viscosity Ostwald 
Atmospheric Chemistry Ozone Measurements
Packet 1 - Chemistry & Measurement
[PDF] Chemistry 115 Chapter 1: Chemistry and Measurement What is 

Qualitative Chemistry

2 The Original Qualitative Chemistry
Predicting Qualitative Chemistry Using Quantum Chemical 
Introduction to Qualitative Analysis
Qualitative Analysis - Chemistry Flame Tests
Qualitative Chemistry
Qualitative Analysis
Side-Eight Software : ORganic Qualitative Analysis
Qualitative Analysis
ChemLab - Chemistry 3/5 - Qualitative Analysis of Cations 
Find in a Library: Qualitative testing and inorganic chemistry.

Inorganic Qualitative analysis at

http://www.mpcfaculty.net/ron_rinehart/1B/grpthree.htm

http://www.mpcfaculty.net/ron_rinehart/1B/genlunkn.htm

 

GASES

gas laws 

See our GAS page

Quiz with answers http://itl.chem.ufl.edu/2045_s00/gas_quiz.html
Gas Law Problem http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Chem/Chem103lc/GCgas1.html
Gas Law Tutorial http://www.chemistry.ohio-state.edu/betha/nealGasLaw/
GAS Law Described http://www.shodor.org/unchem/advanced/gas/
Prepare Gases http://chemistry.about.com/library/weekly/aa020603a.htm
Kinetic Theory of Gases http://members.tripod.com/~EppE/ktgases.htm
Gas Tutorial http://www.learnchem.net/tutorials/gases.shtml
Free GAS Handbook -pdf - http://www.boc.com/capability/Gases.pdf

GASES  See special article from Scott Specialty Gases

Description: The Scott Specialty Gases website is a valuable resource for technical and safety chemical information including an online MSDS Library, comprehensive downloadable Design and Safety handbook, chemical innovations, specialty gases, chemical safety tips, and compliance documentation.  Scott Specialty Gases http://www.scottgas.com/

Gases.    www.chemtutor.com
Gas Law Tutorial Index
Fuel Chemistry
General Chemistry Gas Quiz
General Chemistry: Gas Law Problems
UW-Madison Chemistry - Gas Phase Spectroscopy
Chemistry-Based QuickTime Movies, Animations, and Streaming Audio
Tutorials-6
Microscale Gas Chemistry
GCSE CHEMISTRY Gas - Gases - All Links - gcsescience.com

Non-Metals 

Chemistry of non-metals http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch10/non.html
Slides http://www.public.asu.edu/~jpbirk/CHM-115_BLB/Chpt22/
Non-metals Described http://home.att.net/~cat6a/metals-V.htm

SOLUTIONS

Preparing Solutions http://www.coscosci.com/lab/test_solns.htm
Solutions/Dilutions/%/Molar http://abacus.bates.edu/~ganderso/biology/resources/dilutions.html
Solutions http://onsager.bd.psu.edu/~jircitano/solution.html
Solute and Solvents http://www.geocities.com/proofpurchaseweb/solutions.html
Tutorial http://www.learnchem.net/tutorials/solu.shtml
PinkMonkey.com - Chemistry Study Guide -CHAPTER : 8 SOLUTIONS
Solution Chemistry
Solution Concentrations
Bad Chemistry
Solution Intro
Introductory University Chemistry I. Dissolution, Evolution, and
SparkNotes: SAT II Chemistry: Solutions
T-12: Theoretical Solution Chemistry
Solutions
Solution
Making Solutions http://www.uab.edu/clabsc/solution.htm#percent

 

CHEMICAL REACTIONS 

Reactions http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/6-react.htm
Graphics http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/genobc/Chapter_05/
Key Points http://www.chem4kids.com/files/react_intro.html
Common types of reactions http://www.towson.edu/~ladon/react.html
Predicting reactions http://www.spusd.k12.ca.us/chemmybear/preactions.html
Chemical Reactions http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=54
Chemistry Experiments you can do at home - http://www.bxscience.edu/~chinyu/2690/exper/exper.htm
Lab Books Online - Phoenix College  http://chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu/labbooks/default.html
Lucid stoichiometry (LSU)
Hints for solving stoichiometry problems (Widener U)
Stoichiometry: mass-mass problems (ChemCentral)
Stoichiometry worksheet (Georgetown College)
Stoichiometry introduction (limiting reagent) (Carnegie Mellon)
Stoichiometry (limiting reagent simulation)
Stoichiometry 1 (Wilton High School)
Stoichiometry 2 (Wilton High School)
Stoichiometry 3 (Wilton High School)
Stoichiometry 4 (Wilton High School)
Stoichiometry (DBHS)
Stoichiometry by the recipe (John Brodemus)
Stoichiometry applet (IrYdium Project)*
Stoichiometry notes (Erik)
What is stoichiometry (Floyd College)
Chemical reaction stoichiometry web site (Smith)
Mass relationships in chemical equations (CSU-DH)
Stoichiometry online (GSU)
BioChemisty/MicroChemistry Software Downloads.
Good Chemistry Tutorial Site
High School Chemistry Tutorials Complete http://enc.org/weblinks/science/0,1578,1%2DChemistry,00.shtm

BIOCHEMISTRY  
Amino Acid Properties
Beginner's Guide to Molecular Biology
Biochemical Procedures Online
Biochemistry: Course Description
Biochemistry - Web Edition
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Biochemistry Course Materials
Biochemistry of Neurotransmitters
Biochemistry: Study Guide
Biology Online
The Biology Project: Biochemistry
Biophysical Chemistry
Center for Molecular Modeling
Computational Biochemistry Server at ETHZ
DNA Graphics
European Journal of Biochemistry
Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Graphics Gallery
Images of Proteins/DNA
Kansas University Medical Center Resources for Biochemistry
Life Science Directory
Metabolic Pathways of Biochemistry
Molecular Library
Molecular Models for Biochemistry
NDB Atlas of Nucleic Acid Containing Structures
Cells
Lessons Plans in Science
Biochemistry 1 (BioChemNet - Schmidel)
Biochemistry 2 (BioChemNet - Schmidel)
Biotechnology (BioChemNet - Schmidel)
Biotechnology Dictionary (BioTech Resources)
Cells - Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology (Lackey and Dow) 3-00
Genomes Research - Resources (US Department of Energy and the Human Genome Project)
Human Genome Map - Chromosome 21 and Base Pairs (BBC News)
Human Genome Map - Status (Nature - Macmillan Publishers)
Biology Clip Art - Free (BioChemNet - Schmidel)
DNA Sequencing (Howard Hughes Medical Institute)
DNA, Genes, and Heredity (DNA Learning Center)
Alzheimer's Disease - Vaccine Prevents Alzheimer's In Mice (applesforhealth)
Basic Biological Structure Revealed (applesforhealth)
Brain - Compound Fights Prion Brain Disease (applesforhealth)
Brain - Probing The Mechanics Of Memory (applesforhealth)
Brain Region Mapped (applesforhealth)
Cancer - Repairing DNA After UV Damage (applesforhealth)
Cancer - Smart Bombs May Blast Cancer Cells (applesforhealth)
Cancer - Unmasking Genetic Causes Of Cancer (applesforhealth)
Cell Transplant Fixes Damaged Brain (applesforhealth)
Biomedia http://ebiomedia.com
The Biology Project: Biochemistry
Chemistry Tutorial
BIOCHEMISTRY TUTORIAL
General, Organic and Biochemistry
www.kumc.edu/research/medicine/biochemistry/bioc800/start.html
AW: Tutorial
Tutorials
biochemistry tutorial, biochemistry online tutorial

Geological Chemistry

Sheffield Chemdex - Geological chemistry
Indiana State University : Department of Chemistry : Environmental 
Chemistry : Periodic Table : oxygen : geological information
Home Page "Understanding Our Planet Through Chemistry"
Geological Chemistry
BBC - GCSE Bitesize - Chemistry | Geology | Geological changes
Impact Geology, Chemistry and Physics

THERMOCHEMISTRY

Software http://gttserv.lth.rwth-aachen.de/~sp/tt/
Temperature http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch5/tempframe.html
Chemical Thermodynamics & Spontaneity http://members.aol.com/profchm/thermo.html
Online Interactive QUIZ http://lrc-srvr.mps.ohio-state.edu/under/chemed/qbank/quiz/bank4.htm
Thermochemistry Links http://users.erols.com/merosen/thermo.htm

HEAT

MSN Encarta - Heat (physics)
Heat Energy Transformation Video Demonstration - GREAT!
Physics Encyclopedia: Temperature and Heat
AllRefer.com - heat (Physics) - Encyclopedi
Thermal Dynamics - the Science of Heat / Physics
Race Sim Central Forums - Heat Physics Explained
Heat Physics - Information Technology Services
A glossary of physics terms, with links to an online textbook
Energy Savers: Heat Flow Physics
Heat and Temperature
webmaster
The physics of sailing
Physics 2211K, Mechanics, Waves and Heat
Buildingphysics.com
Properties of Heat and Matter
Heat -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics
scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Heat.html - Similar pages
Bubbles feel the heat (March 2005) - News - PhysicsWeb
The 'heat curve' or phase change graph for water.    www.chemtutor.com
Live steam.  www.chemtutor.com
Cooking in water.   www.chemtutor.com
Heat curve math.    www.chemtutor.com
Triple point of materials.   www.chemtutor.com
Heat curve problems.   www.chemtutor.com 
Heat properties of selected materials.  www.chemtutor.com 

Specific Heat

Specific Heat
Specific Heat -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics
The Specific Heats
Specific heat capacity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Specific Heat - Commercial Heating, Ventilation & Airconditioning
Specific Heat Capacity
specific heat
MIT 3.091 Periodic Table of the Elements: Specific Heat Capacity
Specific Heat
ChemTeam: Specific Heat
ChemTeam: Specific Heat
specific heat on Encyclopedia.com
Monachos Mechanical Engineering - Specific Heat cp of various
Heat - Heat and energy
Specific Heats
Calorimetry: Specific Heat Capacity of Copper
iScienceProject Labs
[PDF] Specific Heat of Solids

Thermodynamics

The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The laws of Thermodynamics http://www.av8n.com/physics/thermo-laws.htm
Applied Thermodynamics, Energy, Power Plant, Combustion, Heat, Air
Thermodynamics and Thermal Physics
Thermodynamics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
All Thermodynamics
Nanotech, Quantum & Statistical Mechanics & Thermodynamics Data
About Temperature
www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00219614
Thermodynamics Home Page
DBHS Home Page

BONDING

Bonding http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=55
Chemical Bonds http://www.purchon.com/chemistry/bonding.htm
AP Bonding http://www.chemistrygeek.com/c2c6.htm
GCSE, dot-school: Bonding http://www.dot-school.net/gcse/subject-chemistry-bonding.php
Understanding Bonding http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bondingmenu.html#top
How does SuperGlue Work?  http://www.eff.org/Publications/Bruce_Sterling/FSF_columns/fsf.07
Understanding Chemistry - Atomic Structure and Bonding Menu
Bonding - Chemistry
Structure and Bonding in Chemistry
Chemical Bonding
Structure and Bonding - Chemistry Tutorial Text
Chemistry
Chemistry Bonding Images
Download Covalent Bonding - chemistry software, chemical bonding
Ionic Bonding - Chemistry teaching software which simulates the 
Google Directory - Kids and Teens > School Time > Science
Chemistry software for high schools
SparkNotes: Introduction to Chemical Bonding
AP Chemistry: Bondingchemguide: helping you to understand Chemistry - Main Menu
Virginia Tech Chemistry Department
Chemistry Tutorial: Chemical Bonds and Attractive Forces
MPS/MTP Science Links: Chemistry Links : Chemical Bonding
Ionic Bonding - Interactive Chemistry teaching software.
HEMystery: Atomic Structure and Bonding
MIT Biology Hypertextbook: Chemistry ReviewSilica-Based Reversed-Phase Columns
[PDF] Difunctional C Bonding Chemistry Provides Longer Column Lifetime
Chemistry Web
Recent Publications by NIST Authors
Chemical Bonds
Chemistry Tutorial
Ionic Bond -- from Eric Weisstein's World of ChemistryCovalent bonds (General Chemistry)

Types Of Bonds

Chemical bonds
Chemical Bonding
Chemistry Tutorial: Chemical Bonds and Attractive Forces
Chemical Bonds
Chem4Kids.com: Atoms: Compounds
3. Types of Chemical Bonding [Beyond Books - Introduction to
[PDF] Arizona Educator Proficiency Assessments (AEPA ™ ) FIELD 08
learn.co.za : Chemistry
CLEP: Chemistry
#96 Molecular Shapes and Types of Bonds — Department of Chemistry 

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Electrochemistry Tutorial http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/elchem/
PDF tutorial http://www.chem1.com/acad/pdf/c1xElchem.pdf
Dictionary http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bondingmenu.html#top
Experiments http://www.funsci.com/fun3_en/electro/electro.htm
Electro Chemical Reactions http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch20/electroframe.html
Voltaic Cells http://members.aol.com/logan20/electchm.html
Electrochemistry http://ro.zrsss.si/badoko/electrochemistry.htm
Electrochemistry Dictionary
Electrochemistry Encyclopedia
www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13882481
International Society of Electrochemistry
Experiments in Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry Resources
The Electrochemistry Group @ The University of Liverpool

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

Intoduction http://www.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/nuclear/nuclear.html
Living Textbook http://livingtextbook.oregonstate.edu/
Nuclear Chemistry http://staff.gc.maricopa.edu/~ldiebolt/00152note/nucchmkey.pdf

Atomic Structure

Making Matter: Index
The atomic structure webpage can be found at
Atomic Structure
CHEMTUTOR ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Index of /staffwww/stefanl/Webquest/Atoms/
CHEMystery: Atomic Structure and Bonding
Atomic Structure
Structure of the Atom (grades 6-8)
www.chem4kids.com/atoms/structure.html
Atomic Structure Timeline
Organic Chemistry: Atomic Structure
Atomic Theory I
Understanding Chemistry - Atomic Structure and Bonding Menu
chemguide: helping you to understand Chemistry - Main Menu
Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry
Chem4Kids.com:Atoms
Learn Chemistry Tutorials - Atomic Structure and Periodicity
Learn Chemistry: Atomic Structure Practice Problems - Questions
Atomic Structure
Understanding Chemistry - Atomic Structure and Bonding Menu
Atomic & Molecular Structure - General Chemistry & Quantum Physics
SparkNotes: Organic Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure
General Chemistry/Atomic structure - Wikibooks, collection of open
Chemistry : Chapter 3 : Tutorials
Atomic Theory I
Atomic Structure Timeline
Weblinks / Science / Chemistry / Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure

Nuclear Terminology
The Language of the Nucleus, on-line edition.
The world's largest nuclear glossary. http://glossary.dataenabled.com/

Basics reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry

Basic Chemistry Link: http://ceds.vu.edu.au/studentlearning/Science/Chemistry/ChemistryIntro.htm

Atomic theory is basic to Chemistry. The theory states that all matter is composed of a set of very small units called atoms. One of the very first laws to be discovered leading to the establishment of Chemistry as a science is the Law of Conservation of Matter. The law states there is no detectable change in the quantity of matter during an ordinary chemical reaction. (Modern Physics now teaches that atoms and energy can be neither created nor destroyed.) On a superficial level this means that if we start off with 10,001 atoms and proceed with many chemical reactions, we will be left with 10,001 atoms. Even if we started off with something green and gooey and ended up with something black and hard there will still be the same number of atoms. The mass will be the same too if the energy gained or lost is accounted for. Chemistry studies the interactions of these atoms, sometimes alone but more often combined with (bonded to) other atoms to form ions and molecules. These atoms interact with other atoms (e.g. a wood fire is the combination of oxygen atoms from the air with the carbon and hydrogen atoms in the wood) and they also interact with light (a photograph is formed from the changes that light causes to the chemicals on a film) and other types of radiation. One surprisingly early finding was that these atoms almost always combine in definite ratios or proportions: silica sand is a structure where the ratio of silicon atoms to oxygen atoms is 2:1. We now know that there are exceptions to this Law of Definite Proportions (integrated circuits are a good example). Another key discovery in chemistry was that when a change is made, the amount of energy gained or lost will always be the same. This leads to the important concepts of equilibrium, thermodynamics, and kinetics. The most interesting theory describing all of chemistry is Quantum Mechanics. This theory is complex, non-intuitive, and difficult to master. Often, simpler concepts are used to predict the results of experiments. These concepts (e.g. acid/base chemistry) are limited in scope, but much easier to understand and apply. College students typically study chemistry in the following "blocks": Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry and Biochemistry. Often, discoveries in chemistry are made by physicists, biologists, chemical engineers or pharmacists.

• Scientific method
• SI base unit
• Significant figures
• The Atom
• Orbitals
• Periodic Table of Chemical elements
• Isomerism
• Allotropes
• Isotopes
• Ion
• Electron configuration
• Periodic Trends
  • Electronegativity
  • Atomic radius, Ionic radius
  • Ionization energy
  • Electron affinity
• Elemental Groups: S-block, D-block, F-block, P-block

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

What is organic chemistry? 

Organic Chemistry - The study of the element carbon and its compounds including living matter.

Web-ster's Organic Chemistry Definition - http://ep.llnl.gov/msds/orgchem/Web-sters_Org_Chem.html

Organic Chemistry Help!!! -  http://www.chemhelper.com/

Organic Stereochemistry htttp://www.saintmarys.edu/~pbays/Stereochemistry.html
Organic Chemistry Resources http://www.organicworldwide.net/
Organic Chemistry Terms and Definitions http://www.brunel.ac.uk/depts/chem/definit/definit.htm
Tutorials http://www.chemhelper.com/
Name Reactions http://www.pmf.ukim.edu.mk/PMF/Chemistry/reactions/rindex.htm
Flashcards http://www.chemistry.ohio-state.edu/organic/flashcards/
Organic Laboratory http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/organic_lab/
Organic Chemistry Links http://www.liv.ac.uk/Chemistry/Links/reforganic.html
Organic Compounds Database http://www.colby.edu/chemistry/cmp/cmp.html
Organic Chemistry Online http://www.chem.uic.edu/web1/OCOL-II/WIN/HOME.HTM
Named Reactions http://orgchem.chem.uconn.edu/namereact/named.html
Organic Chemistry Software http://www.chemistry-software.com/
Organic Chemistry Nomenclature
Analytic, Organic and Physical Chemistry Tutorials
Chemistry Tutorial and Resouce Page (Chime)
Organic Chemistry Definitions
Organic Chemistry Online: U. Illinois, Carbondale
The Basics of NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, a means for determining the structure of chemical compounds).
Organic Chemistry
Organometalic HyperTextbook
Advanced Organic Lab Experiments
Introduction to Electrochemistry: General
Electrochemistry: Overview at Compton's Encyclopedia.
Batteries: (Oregeon State University).
Fuel Cells: Descriptions of different types of fuel cells.
Chemical Demonstrations: From the sci.chem FAQ. Demonstrations
The Delights of Chemistry: Demonstrations
Chemistry Lecture Demonstrations 
Polymers Laboratory Activities: Dept. Materials Science, U. Illinois - video clips 
Organic Chemistry
Basic Biochemistry Overview
Chemistry of Life - Tutorials
Organic Chemistry Help

Organic chemistry videos - learn organic chemistry the easy way.

The Standard Deviants: Organic Chemistry, Part 1 

The Standard Deviants: Organic Chemistry, Part 2 ~ VHS 

The Standard Deviants: Organic Chemistry, Part 3 

Organic Chemistry - High School

Chemistry of Life - Tutorials
LearnChem.net - Reactions
Organic Chemistry Help

Organic Chemistry Tutorials

Acids and Bases
     Vocabulary   |   Conjugate Acids and Bases   |   Use of the pKa Table   |   Molecular Structure and Acidity

Carbocations     Carbocations

Curved Arrows     Curved Arrows

Electrophiles and Nucleophiles     Vocabulary   |   Electrophiles and Nucleophiles

Formal Charge     Formal Charge

Lewis Dot Structures     Drawing Lewis Dot Structures

Resonance     Vocabulary   |   Drawing Resonance Contributor   |   Most Important Resonance Contributor

Stereochemistry     Stereochemistry lecture presentation (Chem 30A fall 2002)

     Vocabulary   |   Identifying Stereocenters   |   Determining Molecular Chirality   |   Classification of Isomers   |
     Stereocenter Nomenclature: The R/S System   |   Drawing Enantiomers and Diastereomers   |   Specific Rotation and Related Calculations

Organic Chemistry Help!

Organic Chemistry Tutorials

Tutorials in organic chemistry

tutorials.html

Metabolic Pathways of Biochemistry - Organic Chemistry Tutorial 

Colby OChem Visual Demos

Computational Chemistry and Organic Synthesis

Tutorials-8

Module CS204: Organic Chemistry Tutorials

 

Chemogenesis: 
The Story of How Chemical Reactivity Emerges From The Periodic Table of The Elements  By: Mark R. Leach  http://www.meta-synthesis.com/webbook.html#background

Who Is This Web Book For?

Chemogenesis is for academic chemists, teachers of chemistry and students of the subject. The material in this web book has been written – and drawn – so that it can be understood by a first year university chemistry major, a bright and interested school student, or a scientifically literate lay person.

The material is intended to be accessible to professional scientists who require a knowledge of chemical reactions and chemical reactivity but who were dazed and confused by the subject at university: physicists, engineers, geologists, biochemists, biologists, medics, etc.

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MATHCAD for Chemistry

   

Mathcad in Chemistry
Mathcad and Chemistry
JCE Online: Mathcad in the Chemistry Curriculum
Mathcad Documents for Physical Chemistry
Explorations in Physical Chemistry
Use of Mathcad in Chemistry 450
Ññûëêè Mathcad
Mathcad @ AdeptScience: The Ultimate Technical Design Solution

Mathcad Files - various

Analytical Chemistry WWW Sites
The Elements of Physical Chemistry
Mathcad Files
MJ Software A/S
Mathcad: References
Chem2700
Gustavus Physical Chemistry Web Page
search mathcad.com
Miscellaneous useful pchem and visualization links.

Mathematical Skills for Chemistry http://www.chemistrycoach.com/math_skills_for_chemistry_tutori.htm#Math%20Skills%20for%20Chemistry%20Tutorials

Following links from: Jensen, R. H. www.consol.ca, Research link, 22 November 2001.

Physical Chemistry
Atomic Surfaces.mcd (pdf)	Generates and displays atomic surfaces based on the Miller indices for body-centered-cubic (bcc) and face-centered-cubic (fcc) packing arrangements. Outputs the atomic coordinates to a file.
BlackBody.mcd (pdf)	Visualization of the blackbody spectrum and the ability to integrate the spectrum between any two points.
Brownian Motion.mcd	Visualization of 1D, 2D, and 3D brownian motion. This file includes sample avi movies.
Diatomic PESs.zip	MathCad program and data files for several diatomic molecules. The program plots the electronic states (as Morse potentials) for all the known states with anharmonic constants.
Harmonic Oscillator.mcd (pdf)	Analytical solution to the Schrödinger equation with the harmonic oscillator potential. For two potentials with user-specified constants (mass, re, we), this program plots the potential, wavefunctions, and determines the overlap integral. See also Morse.mcd.
LS Coupling.mcd (pdf)	(Russel-Saunders coupling) Determines the diatomic state configurations for all possible arrangements of n electrons in m orbitals assuming strong coupling between the orbital and spin angular momentum.
Maxwell Boltzmann.mcd (pdf)	The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of speeds.
Morse.mcd (pdf)	Analytical solution to the Schrödinger equation with the Morse potential. For two potentials with user-specified constants (mass, re, we, wexe), this program plots the potential, wavefunctions, and determines the overlap integral. See also Harmonic Oscillator.mcd.
Wavelength Uncertainty.mcd (pdf)	The magnitude of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle at short times. Units of wavelength, wavenumber, frequency, etc.

 

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EXPERIMENTS - For Students and Teachers

 

Search for science experiments at:

THE LAB ARCHIVE  http://www.labarchive.net/labdb/search-category?category_id=1

Laboratory Experiments

Excellent Labs to review:http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chemlab/
ttp://services.juniata.edu/ScienceInMotion/chem/labs.htm
http://academic.bowdoin.edu/courses/s03/chem109/laboratory/
Virtual Chemistry Lab - Experiments for College and High School
Organic Chemistry Laboratory Topics
Reeko's Mad Scientist Lab - Educational Science Experiments
Center for Workshops in Chemical Sciences
Index.html
The Organic Laboratory
Chemistry Resources: Labs
Chemistry :: Lab Experiments
Chemistry Laboratory Safety Rules
Berkeley Labs - http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~chem1a/labmanual.htm

Various Experiments - Very Good http://chemmovies.unl.edu/chemistry/dochem/DoChem007.html

Solids to Liquids - http://www.biochem.purdue.edu/~bcce/exchange/w22/

Virtual chemistry
Menu
Science Is Fun in the Lab of Shakhashiri
Chemistry Experiments
Reeko's Mad Scientist Lab - Educational Science Experiments for
Classic Chemistry Experiments Lab Book
Virtual Chemistry Experiments and Exercises
Chemistry Experiments & Demonstrations You Can Do at Home
The Catalyst: Links - Experiments
Chemistry Experiments - A to Z Home's Cool Homeschooling
Phoenix College Chemistry Lab Manuals
Phoenix College - Department of Chemistry
Chemistry Department of Boston College
A Day in College Chemistry Lab
The Scientist - Microscale: A Wee Revolution In College Chemistry
Calhoun Community College - Chemistry Lab Page
Virtual Chemistry Lab - Experiments for College and High School
Allegheny College: Chemistry
King's College Department of Chemistry and Physics
Chemistry Experiments
HHMI Office of Laboratory Safety
Overview
UVA/OEHS Home Page
Laboratory Safety
Safety and Health Topics: Laboratories
Laboratory Safety Incidents
Laboratory Safety Information
OSU Laboratory Safety Manual
Vermont SIRI Web Site

Fun and interesting experiments

Air Cannon - #1	T. P. Away - #28
Iron in Cereal - #7	Static Charged 2x4s - #31
Dancing Penny - #3	Density Balloon - #33
Falling Test Tubes? - #6	Glue Polymer - #15
Nickel Karate - #9	Fire Sandwich - #42
Singing Rod - #10	Pretzel Predictions - #46
Bernoulli Cans - #12	Potato Float - #49
Balloon Vacuum - #21	Straw Oboes - #11
Energy Transfer - #22	Liquid Rainbow - #64
Inch of Skin - #25	Bells in Your Ears - #67

Resources For Chemistry Teachers and Students http://dwb.unl.edu/

Much of this material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We appreciate the years of NSF support.

dwb.unl.edu (formerly www.cci.unl.edu) Information and resources related to the activities of David W. Brooks and his students, colleagues, and research collaborators at the Center for Curriculum and Instruction, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, are available at: dwb.unl.edu

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PHASE DIAGRAMS 

Teach Yourself Phase Diagrams
Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram.
keenjunk.com - Sketchbook Drawing/Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram
Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram - Steel < 1
Phase Diagram for Carbon
The graph shows the phase diagram of Iron and Fe3C
[PDF] The Iron-Iron Carbide Phase Diagram: Nomenclature and ...
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
Carbon Steel Phase Diagrams
Iron Carbon Equilibrium Phase Diagram (@ .3% carbon content)
Iron-carbon Phase Diagram

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FREE Chemistry Software  http://www.btinternet.com/~ablumsohn/chemis.htm
Chemistry Software Downloads

Orbital Files
SETUPOV.EXE	Orbital Viewer for Windows 3.x, Windows95, and WindowsNT. This can display any atomic or molecular orbital. Lots of options, including cutaways, animations, stereo viewing, and vrml output. 590 kb. Orbital Viewer home page.
OV.PDF	Complete documentation on the features of Orbital Viewer, including mathematics and file formats. 1820 kb.
EXAMPLES.ZIP	All the .ORB files for the figures in the manual. 74 kb.
ORB386.EXE	The command line version of Orbital Viewer for MS-DOS machines with a 386 processor or better. See OV.PDF for the input file format. 150 kb
ORBWIN.EXE	The command line version of Orbital Viewer for Windows95 machines. See OV.PDF for the input file format. 134 kb
MPEG Animations
5D0.MPG	All of these animations are of atomic electron orbitals. These represent a volume of space in which there is a certain probability that an electron will exist. They are computed from Schrodinger's Equation. Please email me for more information about orbitals. You will need an MPEG viewer to look at these. I have many more animations than the ones available here. These range from 500 to 750 kb

The WWW links on this site will take you directly to the various web site pages.  Your browser URL address line will tell you the origin of the site.

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY

Basics of Chemistry
The Elements
Chemical Bonding
Hydrocarbon Bonding
Simple Periodic Table
Detailed Periodic Table
Mixtures
Solutions
Polar and Non-Polar Molecules
Chemical Formulas
Chemical Equations
Acids
Bases and Alkaline Materials
Salts
The Danger of Dihydrogen Monoxide

Acids, Bases, and pH
AP Chemistry Study Cards
Basic Chemistry Explained
General Chemistry Help
General Chemistry Notes
High School Chemistry Notes
High School Chemistry Tutorials
Predicting Chemical Reactions
Chemistry  Experiments on the Web
Chemical Data Sheets
Chemistry
Crystals
Biochemistry
Inorganic chemistry
Java applications
Molecules
Organic

Titration
Titration Lab Steps Detailed http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chemlab/techniques/titration.html
Virtual Titration http://mysite.verizon.net/res6pa7x/titration.swf
Ph Indicator Chart  
Titration Demo http://www.stolaf.edu/depts/chemistry/courses/toolkits/125/js/acidbase/
Acid Base Titration - Chemistry Definition
SparkNotes: Titrations: Acid-Base Titrations
General Chemistry Part I
Defintion of titration - Chemistry Dictionary
Department of Chemistry, Davidson College - Titration Applet
Titration
Chemistry Tutorials
[PPT] Titrations in Chemistry
Chemistry Freeware Page
Creative Chemistry A Level Practical Work
AllRefer.com - titration (Chemistry) - Encyclopedia
Chemistry: Acids and Bases
Chloride Mohr Titration - Chemistry 3.1 Resources - Outreach
Titration
ChemLab - Chemistry 3/5 - Monoprotic and Polyprotic Acids - Chemistry
CheatHouse.com - Acid-Base Titration Chemistry Formal Lab Writeup 
animationsindex
Chemistry : Chapter 16 : Titrations
Chemistry Experiments

Acids and Bases

• Acid-base reaction theories
• Strong acids
• Weak acids
• pH and the strength of acids
• Systematic naming of acids and bases
• Self-ionization of water
• Buffers
• Acid-Base titration
• Redox reactions
• Electrochemistry

• ACID and BASE Chemistry http://www.shodor.org/UNChem/basic/ab/
  What are ACIDS? http://www.purchon.com/chemistry/acids.htm
  History of Acids and Bases http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A708257
  The Acids, Alkalis and Salts Crossword http://www.creative-chemistry.org.uk/funstuff/xword/acids.htm
  ABOUT Acids and Bases http://chemistry.about.com/cs/acidsandbases/
  Acids and Alkalis  http://www.gcsechemistry.com/aa.htm
  Acids and Bases http://sciencespot.net/Pages/kdzchem3.html
  AMINO Acids http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/chemistry/bio/amino-acids_en.html
  AP Acids http://www.chemistrygeek.com/c2c15.htm
  Properties and Examples http://qldscienceteachers.tripod.com/junior/chem/acid.html
  Chem4Kids.com:Reactions:Acids and Bases
  CHEMTUTOR ACIDS AND BASES
  Acids & Bases Problem Set
  Acids and Bases
  Exploring Acids and Bases
  Acids & Bases
  Acids Bases and Salts
  CHEMystery: Acids and Bases
  Acids and Bases
  Acids & Bases

Links for Chemists
http://www.liv.ac.uk/Chemistry/Links/links.html
Acids, Bases, and pH
AP Chemistry Study Cards
General Chemistry Help
General Chemistry Notes
High School Chemistry Notes
High School Chemistry Tutorials
LearnChem.net - Tutorials
Predicting Chemical Reactions
BioChemistry Made Very E
Click here for the latest breaking "Chemical Industry" NEWS.
Chemistry Tutorial for High School
Chemistry Tutor
College Chemistry Tutorial  also, General Chemistry Outline
Laboratory Experiments
Kitchen Chemistry Experiments
Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Chemistry Review
Ask the Experts: Chemistry
Chemistry Practice Exams
Chemistry Questions & Answers
STC/MS: Properties of Matter
STC/MS is an inquiry-based middle school science curriculum developed by the National Science Resources Center.
SFCSM: States of Matter: Solid, Liquid and Gas
AskEric Solutions and Concentrations
SFCTM: Theories of Matter
SFCPF: Pressure in Fluids
Mediacen: Seawater vs Fresh Water
TLMTT: The Living Machine® as a Teaching Tool

See More General Chemistry at our Links Page I

CHEMISTRY RESOURCES
http://www.chemtopics.com/

CHEMISTRY TUTORIALS
http://web.umr.edu/~gbert/links.html

Chemistry Teaching Resources
WWW Chemistry Resources
Organic Chemistry Resources Worldwide
Chemistry Resources
Links for Chemists / Virtual Library Chemistry Section
Chemistry in the Yahoo! Directory
High School Chemistry Resources on the Web
Science Teachers' Resource Center
General Chemistry Online: Home
Computational Chemistry Resources on the WWW
The Catalyst: Chemistry Resources For Teachers
UCSB Libraries - Chemistry
Chemistry Resources on the Internet [Internet Resources]
Chemistry I Index
WWW Chemistry Resources
Inorganic Chemistry Resources
Chemistry Resources
The Chemistry Hypermedia Project at Virginia Tech
US FDA/CFSAN Library of Chemistry Information
Chemistry and New Zealand
Sheffield Chemdex - Home
web links homepage
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY-RESOURCES FOR ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Instructional Resources for Chemistry
Caltech Library System
Organic Chemistry Resources
Quiz Hub
Chemistry Links

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Storming Media - Chemistry Reports

Description: Documents about Chemistry produced or collected by the Pentagon and distributed by Storming Media, including ones about Biochemistry; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Processing; Inorganic Chemistry; Isotopes; Organic Chemistry; Pharmacology; Physical Chemistry; Polymer Chemistry; and Toxicology.

Storming Media Home Page: Storming Media provides unclassified reports and documents from the Pentagon, most about science, technology or policy. Storming Media  provide these papers at significantly below the prices chosen by the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), a government agency that sells these items. 

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CHEMISTRY - PHYSICS VIDEO TRAINING 

The Standard Deviants: Chemistry, Part 1  ~ VHS or DVD
The Standard Deviants: Chemistry, Part 2 ~ VHS or DVD
The Standard Deviants: Chemistry, Part 3 ~ VHS or DVD
The Standard Deviants: Physics, Part 1 ~ VHS (also on DVD)
The Standard Deviants: Physics, Part 2 ~ VHS (also on DVD)

OTHER VIDEO TITLES

The Standard Deviants: Algebra, Part 1 ~ VHS

The Standard Deviants: Algebra, Part 1 ~ DVD 

The Standard Deviants: Algebra, Part 2 ~ VHS
The Standard Deviants: Anatomy, Part 1 ~ VHS 

The Standard Deviants: Anatomy, Part 2 ~ VHS 

The Standard Deviants: Basic Math ~ DVD

The Standard Deviants: Basic Math ~ VHS 

The Standard Deviants: Biology ~ VHS 

The Standard Deviants: Calculus, Part 1 ~ VHS

The Standard Deviants: Calculus, Part 2 ~ VHS 

The Standard Deviants: Differential Equations ~ VHS 

The Standard Deviants: Geology, Part 1 ~ VHS

The Standard Deviants: Geology, Part 2 ~ VHS 

The Standard Deviants: Geometry, Part 1 ~ VHS 

The Standard Deviants: Geometry, Part 2 ~ VHS 
The Standard Deviants: Organic Chemistry, Part 1 

The Standard Deviants: Organic Chemistry, Part 2 ~ VHS 

The Standard Deviants: Organic Chemistry, Part 3 

The Standard Deviants: Physics, Part 1 ~ VHS 

The Standard Deviants: Physics, Part 1 ~ DVD 

The Standard Deviants: Pre-Algebra, Part 2 ~ VHS

The Standard Deviants: Pre-Calculus, Part 1 ~ VHS 

The Standard Deviants: Pre-Calculus, Part 2 ~ VHS 

The Standard Deviants: Trigonometry, Part 1 ~ VHS 

The Standard Deviants: Trigonometry, Part 2 ~ VHS 
The Standard Deviants: Pre-Algebra, Part 1 ~ VHS 

Physics Video Box ~ VHS

Pre-Algebra Video Bundle ~ VHS 

Chemistry BOOKS

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Science Calculators and Conversion Factors

101 Calculations Page Including Chemistry Calculators

Chemistry Calculators
Ideal Gas Law Calculator
Metric/SE conversion calculator
Mole Calulator http://medlib.med.utah.edu/masspec/mole.htm
Physical Science Reference Data
Radioactive Decay Calculator
Chemistry Calculators
Physical Science Reference Data
Calculators http://www.shef.ac.uk/chemistry/chemputer/
Isotope Patterns
Element percentages
Reaction yields (calculate your reaction yields) now testing!
Oxidation state of d-block metals in a complex
Electron accountancy for metals in a complex
VSEPR shape now testing!
MLXZ classification of an atom in a compound now testing!
101science.com Calculations and Conversions Page
Metric/SE conversion calculator

Carbon 14 Dating Calculator        Another - Carbon14 Dating Calculator

Radioactive calculator (below) 

Halflife	Amount	Time

The amount remaining is: or percent of the original sample.

Free JavaScripts provided
by The JavaScript Source

 

MUST HAVE!  TI-83 Plus	BETTER!  TI-89	BEST!  Voyage 200

If you see a value, like pH, or pKa, then it's a log.  Otherwise it is most likely a powers of ten value.

Chemicals and Interactions

• Systematic names
• Chemical formula
  • Empirical formula
  • Molecular formula
• Chemical bonding
• Chemical polarity
• Chemical equation
• Chemical reaction
• Colors of chemicals

Quantitative Chemistry

QUANTITATIVE CHEMISTRY
Quantitative Chemistry
KS4-GCSE Quantitative Chemistry Calculations at Doc Brown's
Soil Quantitative Chemistry
sara.qfa.uam.es/
Quantitative Chemistry Lab 251
chemical bonding -- Encyclopædia Britannica
Chapter 6. The Reliability of Data in Quantitative Chemistry
CHEM 230 Quantitative Chemistry

• The mole
• Stoichiometry
• Thermochemistry
• Hess's Law
• Calorimetry

If you see a value, like pH, or pKa, then it's a log.  Otherwise it is most likely a powers of ten value.

States of Matter

• Kinetic theory of gases
• Ideal gas
• Condensed matter physics
• Solutions
• Concentration of solutions
• Colligative properties
• Chemical equilibrium
• Le Chatelier's principle
• Solubility
• Precipitates
• Common-ion effect

Acids and Bases

• Acid-base reaction theories
• Strong acids
• Weak acids
• pH and the strength of acids
• Systematic naming of acids and bases
• Self-ionization of water
• Buffers
• Acid-Base titration
• Redox reactions
• Electrochemistry

Forensic Chemistry

Forensic Chemistry Network
What is Forensic Chemistry?
Carpenter's Forensic Science Resources: Forensic Chemistry and 
CHEMISTRY - Forensic Chemistry
SIUC - Forensic Chemistry Curriculum
SIUC Chemistry and Biochemistry - Forensic Chemistry
PEC235 Forensic Science at Murdoch University
Forensic Chemistry
HSC Forensic Chemistry Unit
Forensic Chemistry
Forensics In The Classroom

Kinetics and Thermodynamics

• Chemical kinetics
• Reaction rates
• Spontaneous processes
• Enthalpy
• Entropy
• Gibbs free energy
• Nuclear chemistry
• Biochemistry

History of Chemistry

• Alchemy
• Discovery of the chemical elements
• Timeline of chemical element discovery
• Nobel Prize in Chemistry
  Atomic Structure Timeline - History of the different models of atomic structure.
• The History of Chemistry- by the 1992 Woodrow Wilson Summer Institute
• The Official Website of the Nobel Foundation - Names and biographies of the Nobel Prize winners
• Classic Papers from the History of Chemistry (and physics too)
• Images from the History of Medicine (Chemistry Experiments)

Great Chemists

Great Chemists who aren't dead white guys
Great Chemists Quiz!
Education World® : Science Center : Great Scientists
The Exponent
Mount Vernon Nazarene University - School of Natural and Social
late night opening chemists in cheshire QUICK, Information at NO
Chemists in Great Yarmouth UK - including Pharmacies in Great 
Find in a Library: Young chemists and great discoveries. | English 

See also

• Chemistry basic topics
• Chemist and List of chemists
• American Chemical society
• International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
• Chemical engineering

Isomers

Undecylenic Acid, Mixture of Isomers, Chemistry Supplies and
Fenvalerate, Mixed Isomers, Chemistry Supplies and Laboratory
A and B Scott
Creative Chemistry Isomers
VirtualText of Organic Chemistry
Coordination Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry : Chapter 12 : Structural Isomers
Structural Isomers of Alkanes Tutorial
Science Line - Chemistry - If isomers have the same atoms in them
http://people.ouc.bc.ca/woodcock/molecule/molfrag/mf009.htm

External links

• IUPAC Nomenclature Home Page, see especially the "Gold Book" containing definitions of standard chemical terms
• DMOZ category: Science/Chemistry
  

Polymers

POLYMER CHEMISTRY HYPERTEXT
Polymer Chemistry Glossary
Division of Polymer Chemistry - American Chemical Society
C&EN: CHEMISTRY HIGHLIGHTS 2002 - POLYMER CHEMISTRY
C&EN: CHEMISTRY HIGHLIGHTS 2001 - POLYMER CHEMISTRY
Swain Library: Polymer Chemistry Resources
The Macrogalleria - a cyberwonderland of polymer fun
Chemistry - Organic - Polymer Chemistry
Chemistry - Polymers
ETH - D-MATL - POLYCHEM - Polymer Chemistry

Biopolymers

Definition of Biopolymers

Macromolecules (including proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides) formed by living organisms.
Definitions of Biopolymers on the Web: Definitions

• Long-chain compounds composed of organic molecule subunits, for example plastics, that are synthesized by living organisms. Bioremediation: the use of biological organisms to render hazardous wastes non-hazardous or less hazardous.
  www.plpa.agri.umn.edu/scag1500/definitions.html
• Long chain molecules synthesised by living organisms eg proteins, cellulose and starch.
  www.pestmanagement.co.uk/lib/glossary/glossary_b.shtml
• A biopolymer is a polymer found in nature. Starch, proteins and peptides, and DNA and RNA are all examples of biopolymers, in which the monomer units, respectively, are sugars, amino acids, and nucleic acids. The exact chemical composition and the sequence in which these units are arranged is called the polymer's primary structure. ...
  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopolymers

Torsional relaxation for biopolymers
Importance of mutant position in Ramachandran plot for predicting
Andrzej Kolinski's Research Group : Home
Indiana Universtiy - Chemistry Library: Electronic Journals
Home Page - Lehrstuhl Biopolymere - Universität Bayreuth - [ Translate this page ]
[PDF] REU in Polymers and Biopolymers
Polysurfaces Bookstore - Biopolymers and Medical Applications
C&EN TODAY'S HEADLINES
ITC Homepage
Optional cources of Second Cycle

Reaction Rates and Pathways

Outcomes Review Chapter 11
Rates of chemical reactions and the effects of temperature
Reaction rates
SN2 Reactions
Substitutions and Elimination Pathways
Honors Chemistry - Chapter 17 - Reaction Rates
Learn Chemistry - Chemistry Glossary Dictionary : QR - Qualitative
Foundations to Chemistry - adapted from "Chemistry, Matter and the
WH Freeman Publishers - Chemistry
Rates of Reaction

REDOX

Internet Chemistry
Nuffield Advanced Chemistry - Redox reactions
How to Balance Redox Reactions
Redox Titration Definition - Chemistry
SparkNotes: SAT II Chemistry: Redox and Electrochemistry
[PDF] J. -5 -7 -9 Organoselenium Chemistry.' Redox Chemistry of
General Chemistry Refresher: Redox Reactions Calculator
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: Redox

Chemistry: Redox
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox
[PDF] EE-527: MicroFabrication Outline Etch Anisotropy Etching Chemistry
Redox Chemistry
A Novel Battery Cathode Material Based on intercalation Chemistry
CHEM1013 - Old Exam 5 - Acid Base Chemistry/ Redox
General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Redox reactions
Nuffield Advanced Chemistry - Redox and redox equilibria
Redox Volumetric Calculations at Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic. AS 
Chemistry of Batteries

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  Links to General Science Information NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration These are the space guys, of course, but they also provide lots of relevant information in all of the earth sciences, including satellite remote sensing and research in oceanography, meteorology and geology. Caliper® Corporation Home Page A corporate site with some cool free maps and information about GIS. Color/Colour Landform Atlas of the United States and Southern Canada Some excellent images of the United states by site includes Chromadepth and satellite images. (DEMs) Digital Elevation Models Real data you can download as well as GIS software for free. ESRI Data: Environmental Science Research Institute The Homepage of ESRI, makers of ARC INFO a very powerful GIS software lots of free stuff and information about GIS. GInfoServer: GIS-Software + -Shareware A German site with free GIS software you can download. GIS and maps A cool Chromadepth map of the world for your desktop plus real GIS data to download for free. HMWS: Historical Map Web Sites Online Historical Maps from the Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection at the University of Texas at Austin. Librorum Liberorum Lots of links, and all kinds of neat stuff to download including stories, articles about all kinds of science. Also includes mapmaking programs and other earth science, remote sensing and GIS type programs free to download. MMGISW: Map Maker - GIS for Windows A free GIS demo that you can download comes with instruction manuals. Maps and Mapping This Dutch guy loves maps, his webpage has links to more than 4750 sites about all aspects of " The Fascinating World of Maps and Mapping". NGDC/WDCA MGG-5Minute Gridded Elevation Data Search Online DEM generator from NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center. NIMA: National Imagery and Mapping Agency Formerly Defense Mapping Agency. Home page of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency. NYSD: NY Spatial Data GIS data available for downloading about New York State. UNEP GRID-Arendal Information from the United Nations Environment Programme with free data and lots of interesting articles. USGS NSDI Clearinghouse - Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) A shaded relief image showing the topography of the continental USA plus real GIS data you can download from the US Geological Survey and links to other USGS sites. USGS: PAO Natural Features List Images about our natural world by the USGS. Welcome to Cornell University GIS Database server Online Geological and Geophysical Databases, Information, and GIS Map Server. WorldSat's Main Page A Canadian company that makes 3D Atlas available as a book or CD-ROM, cool posters and also has some cool images to download for free. The Ada Project - Science and Technology The Ada Project is a clearing house for information and resources related to women in computing. ScRe: Scientific Revolution (Grades 9-12) A lecture on the Scientific Revolution. ScMe: Scientific Method A in-depth definition of Scientific Method

Chemistry Week - http://www.chemweek.com/

Laboratory Work - Chemlab

Weights and Weighing Lab

College of Chemistry - University of California at Berkeley
College of Chemistry - University of California at Berkeley
Syvum: Chemistry : Molecular Weights of Chemical Compounds
Chemistry : Molecular Weights of Chemical Compounds
Consultant in metallurgy & chemistry
Bicentenary of atomic weights: John Dalton presented chemistry
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
DMITRI IVANOVICH MENDELEEV
PinkMonkey.com - Chemistry Study Guide -3.3 Atomic Weights of An 
Chemistry: WebElements Periodic Table : Periodic properties

 

"Doc Brown's Chemistry Clinic" Description:

A growing non-commercial general help and revision site for UK GCSE, AS and A2 CHEMISTRY and USA/Canada grades 9-12.  Revision notes, multiple choice tests, structured questions, graphics and extensive links to useful and interesting CHEMISTRY sites. One site speciallity is the structure and naming of organic compounds.

www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page02/page02.htm is a general LINKS PAGE with a sub-page of what I consider the top 20 PERIODIC TABLE sites.

GENERAL CHEMICAL and EARTH SCIENCE INTEREST

www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page23/page23.htm is the page to explore when you have finished the tedious revision!

Site Speciallity: I've been developing a whole series of organic structure recognition and naming tests. The tests work on a random selection of 10 Q's from a data base of 40-140 molecules.  eg see www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page14/page14.htm (multiple choice) and

www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page15/page15.htm (type in name)

The aromatic naming tests are in the pipeline! Dr Phil Brown (i/c Chemistry, Whitby Community College, North Yorkshire, England)

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Calc98 a Free Downloadable Calculator  

Calc98, a free scientific, engineering, statistical and financial calculator for Windows and PocketPC.  Calc98 includes a vast range of units conversions, fundamental constants and physical property data, and other features including arbitrary base numbers, Roman numerals and a stopwatch feature and built-in Periodic Table of the Elements.

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Lange's Handbook of Chemistry   
We believe this edition of Lange to be a close-at-hand, bookshelf necessity for science students, chemists, chemical engineers, and for others whose sphere of interest intersects with that of chemistry.

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